The Model Of Behavior Change - 931 Words

The primary objective of this paper is discuss the Transtheoretical Model of behavior change and its application in healthcare settings, and discuss the strength and weakness of the Model. Number of theories and analytical models were described that helps us to understand how people modify their behavior but no one of them accepted universally. The Transtheoretical model (TTM) of change which is also known as the the stages of change model, first described by Prochaska and associates (1983) is widely used theory to explain the behavior change. Unlike other models of behavior change, which focus on social or biological influences, The TTM model focuses on individual’s decision-making abilities. Assumption of The TTM models and major†¦show more content†¦Other people for their efforts and visible results recognize them. The final stage of TTM is maintenance in which people have significantly modified their behavior and working to prevent relapse. Individual involved in modified behavior for more than 6 months is considered as maintenance stage. Individual’s stage in process can be measures by asking questions related to current behavior, future intentions and past attempts. Process of Change The process of change in TTM model explains how the changes occur in different stages. Ten different processes can be divided in to two groups of cognitive and affective experiential processes and behavioral processes. These covert and overt process needs to be implemented to achieve desired behavior change. Consciousness Raising: is a process in which individual increase their awareness through information, education and feedback related to desired behavior. Environmental revaluation: Understanding of pros and cons of problematic behavior that affects social environment. Dramatic Relief: Process of experiencing and sharing emotion related to problematic behavior. Social Liberation: it is need for increased opportunities and alternatives to promote desired behavior among deprived and oppressed Self-reevaluation: Cognitive and affective assessment of self with and without unhealthy behavior. Self-Liberation: is individual’s belief in their actions and commitment for futureShow MoreRelatedBehavior Change Theories and Models943 Words   |  4 Pagessuccessful, it is imperative to fully understand how behavior can change in an instant. Health education depends on using the proper theories and models. This paper will address the theories and models used in health education, the importance of the theories, as well as real world examples and information from models used in health education. To understand why it is important to use theories, one must first understand the difference between theories and models. While theories are a set of interrelated conceptsRead MoreThe Theories And Models Of Behavior And Behavior Change1725 Words   |  7 Pages about how it is perceived from a scientific perspective There are many theories and models which try to explain human behaviour. They emanate from all disciplines of social science. We can find them also in psychology, anthropology, philosophy, economy and biology. Jake Morris et al in their paper â€Å"Theories and models of behaviour and behaviour change† [2] provide a comprehensive review of many existing models. The difficulty in identifying determinants of human acting arise from the randomnessRead MoreDifferent Models Of Behavior Change1806 Words   |  8 PagesIn this assignment I will be explaining two models of behaviour change that have been used in recent national health education campaigns, I will be explaining what the campaigns are about, how they target particular audience groups and why. Most health education campaigns are to educate the community on how to lead healthier lives, why and to live for longer, this is done through trying to educate them to change their unhealthy life styles or habits and chose healthie r opinions. The first nationalRead MoreEcological Models And Health Behavior Change Essay1665 Words   |  7 PagesEcological Models And Health Behavior Change On individual level changes in health promotion and ecological approaches target and influence multiple health behaviors. This is because the individuals living in the environment are embedded in temporary change of behaviors. Therefore it is very important to consider ecological approaches, changing health behaviors and environmental factors while designing operational and supportable health promotion plans. Healthcare promotion is primarily based uponRead MoreThe Behavior Change Model Grants Me The Opportunity For Cease Procrastinating986 Words   |  4 Pages The Behavior Change Model grants me the opportunity to cease procrastinating. This has perpetually been a problem for me. I presume the dilemma originated in High school. Glancing back I now realize procrastinating progressively worsened as high school continued. One time I hurried to compose a paper prior to history class, because I neglected to do so the previous day. As such, I did not obtain full marks. By the time I was a senior, I had a lack of motivation to complete homework and would occupyRead MoreThe Model And Stages Of Change Model1264 Words   |  6 PagesThe Transtheoretical Model/Stages of Change Leticia R. Leaks Nebraska Methodist College Abstract This is a review of the Transtheoretical Model/Stages of Change Model developed by J. O. Prochaska and C.C. DiClemente to assess an individual’s readiness to change a behavior. In this paper, we will discuss the history of the theory and its constructs. We will also examine a diabetes study and the impact of TTM in conjunction with Social Cognitive and the Theory of Reasoned Action as applied urbanRead MoreStages of Carlo DiClementes Change Model Essay1201 Words   |  5 Pageshe became drawn to studying smokers since it was easy to evaluate their behavior’s and even finding individuals that were actively trying to change their behaviors of addiction. He noticed that those with or no medical assistance made success in changing their smoking behavior, this is when without realizing he began a socio-political influence worldwide change with social psychologist, political psychologist, including society influenced by his theories put into practice. Many of today’s contributionsRead MoreStages Of Change Model By Carlo Diclemente And James Prochaska1278 Words   |  6 PagesBackground The Transtheoretical model, commonly called the stages of change model, was founded by Carlo Diclemente and James Prochaska who conducted a comparative analysis between people who decide to quit smoking on their own and those in programs designed to help quit smoking (Prochaska, Redding, Evers, 2008).From this study, they discovered that there are a series of processes that a person doing a behavioral change must go through (Prochaska, Redding, Evers, 2008). Once these processes andRead MoreCase Study : Learning Models With Behavioral And Life Experience Patterns That Disturb Them And Change With Time1363 Words   |  6 PagesMaura’s Case: Learning Models Introduction Various learning models that can be applied in medical psychology and therapy exist. In the recent past, the learning models have been researched and their use in human medicine improved. The most basic form is associative learning where new association with events in the environment is made. The majority of the learning models or theories that exist borrow from Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov in the early twentieth century. Pavlov used dogs in his researchRead MoreEssay on Transtheoretical Model and Chronic Stress Management1537 Words   |  7 PagesThe behavior I would like to change is the management of chronic stress. Chronic stress is a precursor for most health problems in today’s society. If we look at the start of most health problems, we can likely trace it back to chronic stress. Chronic stress releases levels of cortisol higher than normal. Cortisol is a hormone released from someone with chronic stress, which can which can negatively affect the body’s ab ility to function. Getting sick is another negative factor of being overly

Report on time management, SWOT analysis, learning styles...

A Report on Time Management, SWOT Analysis, Learning styles and report and essay writing Written by: Natasha Haley Written for: Graham Pogson Date: 11/10/13 Professional Development Planning C57PD Borders Business Programme, Year 1 Contents Section Page Number 1. Summary 2. Introduction 3. Findings 2.1 Time Management 2.2 SWOT Analysis 2.3 Learning styles 2.4 Report and essay writing 4. Conclusion 5. References 6. Bibliography 7. Appendices 3.1.1 Estimate timetable 3.1.2 Realistic timetable 3.3.1 VAK learning styles questionnaire 3.3.2 Honey Mumford learning style questionnaire 3.3.3 VARK learning styles questionnaire 3.4.2 Essay example 3.4.3 Report Example 3 3 3 3 5 10 13 14 15†¦show more content†¦There are some tools widely used for doing this, such as planners, diaries and timetables. You can use a timetable to plan out your activities (see appendix 3.1.1.) As you can see the author has carefully planned their week to include everything they think is important to be done within that time frame. You may benefit from completing two tables: the first with what you think you do, the second with what you really do (see appendix 3.1.2.) You will notice here that the author has some changes, some quite significant. It should be noted that, even when planning your time carefully, there will be huge differences in what you actually do with the time you have. These tables however are simple in layout, and can be easily compared to one another for future reference. 3.2 SWOT Analysis A SWOT analysis is a form of situational analysis, which focuses on an organisations or persons: 1 Strengths 2 Weaknesses 3 Opportunities 4 Threats To begin a SWOT analysis it is typical that first of all the internal factors would be reviewed (strengths and weaknesses) and then focus would shift to the external factors (opportunities and threats.) See an example of SWOT analysis in figures 3.2.1 below; 3.2.1 Strengths Weaknesses HNC Computing Edinburgh Napier certificate of credit 60 TEFL certificate ICS intro toShow MoreRelatedAdvanced Professional Development Essay 22913 Words   |  12 Pagesmade evidence which is supported by my own advanced professional development journal. That includes my own personal skill audit, SWOT analysis, my learning style changes, skill acquisition with the help of some online tests like MBTI time management, learning inventory. This also includes material collected to demonstrate achievement of the criteria required by learning outcomes. Task (1) 1(a) I encourage myself to pick up a pen and a piece of paper and note down the goals I want to reachRead MoreStudy Skills for Distance Learning8547 Words   |  35 PagesSkills for Distance Learning Theme A BSc.(Hons) Engineering Management Degree Subject: Study Skills A report on the existing study skills of the author and areas where he can improve and develop his long distance work based learning techniques to successfully complete the Engineering Management BSc. (Hons.) Degree. Contents Page Title Page Content Page 1 Introduction 2 Learning Outcomes for Study Skills Module One Figure 1 3 Activity One Developing learning independence Read MoreIB EE GUIDE9051 Words   |  37 Pagesï » ¿ Extended Essay Guide Business Management 2010 - 12 Introduction 4 The extended essay is: 4 Aims 5 Assessment objectives 5 Responsibilities of the student 5 Recommended: things to do 6 Recommended: things to avoid 7 Writing and researching the extended essay 8 Writing the extended essay 8 Formal Presentation of the extended essay 9 The length of the extended essay 9 Title 9 Abstract 9 Contents page 9 Illustrations 10 Appendices, footnotes and endnotes 10 The researchRead MoreBBS22 Marketing Management Study Guide approved8724 Words   |  35 PagesUNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN Bachelor of Business Studies (Singapore) Marketing Management (MK2002S) STUDY GUIDE BBS22 FT Singapore Copyright December 2014 1 Author: Dr Ajit K Prasad This manual was prepared for University College Dublin as a comprehensive support for students completing the above mentioned Degree programme.  © This publication may not be reproduced, in whole or in part without permission from University College Dublin. 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NIVEA creme was first introduced in 1911 and the NIVEA brand now extends to 14 product ranges worldwide from suncare to facial moisturisers, deodorant and shower products. The NIVEA FOR MEN brand was launched in the UK in 1998. At that time total annual sales of men s skincare products (facial and shaving preparations) in the UK were only  £68 million with the male facial product sector worth only  £7.3 million. Sales of male skincare products have grown steadily since the launch of NIVEARead MoreATHE Level 6 Management Specification2 Essay12420 Words   |  50 PagesQualifications in Management ATHE Level 6 Award in Financial Decision Making for Managers (QCF) ATHE Level 6 Award in Leading Organisational Equality and Diversity (QCF) ATHE Level 6 Award in Managing Finance in the Public Sector (QCF) ATHE Level 6 Award in Managing Stakeholder Engagement (QCF) ATHE Level 6 Award in Risk Management (QCF) ATHE Level 6 Certificate in Human Resource Management (QCF) ATHE Level 6 Certificate in Project Management (QCF) Level 6 Management, Nov 2011 v2

America s Border Control Is A Security System - 1525 Words

America’s Border Control is a security system that protects America’s borders and makes sure that no terrorist or illegal immigrants enter America without a green card. The border control has been paid billions and maybe trillions of dollars to protect our borders. America’s border control needs to be lowered, it’s not just Mexicans are entering America illegally the statistics of immigration from 2013 are -Mexicans 14% -Chinese 7.2% -Indians 6.9% -Philippines 5.5% -Dominican Republic 4.2% The highest percent is Mexicans but there are more races out there coming into America, the border patrol (not just the Mexican-American border) Immigrants go to different countries and not just America, different races are entering other countries.†¦show more content†¦The United States of America has many different races on its own, not just the statistics itself, mostly all the races are in America like the Japanese, African Americans, Mexicans, Muslims, Chinese, Dominicans, Cubans, Canadians, and Irish. Many cultures and races, many colors and religions, many styles, many languages and slang that these races have. Most humans on the earth want peace and equality which every race treated the same and every religion shall be respected as a the other religion, every human on this earth are mostly the same, yes the language may be different, yes someone may believe in something else, yes they may have different skin color, but everyone is the same no matter what, yes some people on the earth have different personalities but besides that everyone is the same. Border patrol is actually tearing families apart, deportation is tearing up this peace and equality, America needs to lessen the border patrol guards and control. Yes maybe like searching for any weapons or drugs would be fine but at least give the person a chance, if he or she does not have a green card then yes they should wait until they get a green card and if they wait a month, that is fine but waiting for a year is ridiculous, every immigrant deserves a chance or opportunity to escape poverty or even war, border control needs to turn it down a notch because not every immigrant is leaving their countries because they want to, or because

Current Level Of Care At Watts Labor Community Action...

Current Level of Care at Watts Labor Community Action Committee (WLCAC): Watts Labor Community Action Committee (WLCAC) provides services to 3,600 unduplicated homeless clients each year, working to move clients from having no secure residence to residing in a stable facility. The Homeless Access Center and Shelter Plus Care programs under WLCAC assist homeless individuals and their families by providing supportive and educational services, case management, family counseling, drug counseling, mental health services, and temporary shelter, transitional housing, and long-term Section 8 housing. These programs enable hundreds of families each year to move from homelessness and poverty to stability and economic self-sufficiency. Also, the professionals providing services at WLCAC are Licensed Clinical Social Workers, MSW interns, outreach coordinators, case managers and administrative support. With collaboration of the Los Angeles Housing Authority (LAHSA) and United Way they are able to fund the permanent supportive housing. The Los Angeles Homeless Service Authority (LASA) funds the Access Center; the Department of Mental Health (DMH) funds the temporary housing program; and WLCAC also collaborates with HOPICS, for the homeless outreach program. Argument for Integration: Currently, the county of Los Angeles has the most chronically homeless people in the country, and mainly all of them sleep on the streets (Holland, 2015 Nov. 19). 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The Financial Crisis Of 2008-2009 - 1908 Words

The financial crisis of 2008-2009 was an extremely significant event in recent history and has been described as â€Å"perhaps the most important economic event since the Great Depression† (Gorton Metrick, 2012, p.g. 150). We are still experiencing the effects of the crisis today and there is a considerable amount of literature on the subject. There has been much research into the crisis and what caused it (Gorton and Metrick, 2012). Using some of this research both the causes and effects of the financial crisis can be explored. This essay will discuss what happened in the months leading up to the crisis, the causes and effects of the financial crisis and tackles some of the questions that researchers have asked regarding the events of 2008-2009. Mishkin (2011) discussed the idea that when analysing the causes of the financial crisis the events should be split into two separate periods. The period occurring towards the end of 2007 and beginning of 2008, which involved lending within subprime markets and the end of the housing bubble, and the second occurring in September 2008, beginning with the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers (Mishkin, 2011, Gorton Metrick, 2012). Although the start of the financial crisis is thought of by most to be in September 2008, when investment bank Lehman Brothers declared bankruptcy, some of the main contributing factors actually occurred prior to 2008. During the early 2000’s interest rates were low and as a result more people were able to affordShow MoreRelatedFinancial Crisis : The Recession Of 2008-2009881 Words   |  4 PagesThe most popularly known subprime mortgage crisis came into lime light when a steep rise in home foreclosures in 2006 spiraled seemingly out of control in 2007, triggering a national financial crisis that went global within the year. The maximum blame is pointed at the lenders who created such problems. It was the lenders who ultimately lent funds to people with poor credit and a high risk of default. When Fed flooded the markets with increasing capital liquidity, its intention was not only to lowerRead MoreCauses of the Financial Crisis of 2008-20091736 Words   |  7 PagesCauses of The Financial Crisis of 2007-2009 According to our financial textbook â€Å" Financial crises are major disruptions in financial markets characterized by sharp declines in asset prices and firm failures† (Mishkin and Eakins 2012). In August 2007, defaults in mortgage market for subprime borrowers sent a shudder through the financial markets, leading to the worst U.S financial crisis since the Great Depression. 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This was by far the biggest bankruptcy in U.S history and it marked the beginning and the largest financial crisis ever. How can one of the biggest banks in the world fail? How can a bankruptcy in US make someone on the other side of the world unemployed? The answer is Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs) and it all started by new innovations in the financial sector combinedRead MoreThe Global Financial Crisis Of Broward College920 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Paper: The Global Financial Crisis Michelle Beira Broward College There have been few financial crises in the United States. The Global Financial Crisis of 2008 to 2009 was the most recent and before that was The Great Depression of the 1930s. The Global Financial Crisis actually began in 2007 when prices of homes tanked. It not only affected the U.S. but it also affected economies overseas. 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Leading and Managing in Culturally Diverse Environments - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Leading and Managing in Culturally Diverse Environments. Answer: Introduction Alibaba, founded by Jack Ma, is composed of many e-commerce businesses in the B2B, C2C, and B2C. Operating mainly in China, Alibaba has become a major player in the internet revolution of the country. With an excellent knowledge of the fragmented Chinese market, an easy-to-use, interactive and secure site, Alibaba has created a loyal customer base, mainly among small and medium sized Chinese companies seeking to expand their customer base with limited resources. Jack Ma, by his decisions, protected his company from competitors like Ebay, and now wants, thanks to an alliance with Yahoo! Expand activities in the web search market (Ellis, 2010). The rise of the internet to conduct commerce has seen a significant growth in recent years, and for the Alibaba, the brand has allowed access to products for consumers. When doing business via the internet is important to develop cultural profiles to determine customer needs and wants which Alibaba has tracked through consumer purchase and habits. The importance of effective communication is vital when communicating across culture (Peppard, 2016). Alibaba has crafted an active communication channel as the messages to the consumer are decoded as they have been encoded. It is in the second stage of the communication process that can be influenced by feedback in the form of cultural influences precisely attitudes, values and beliefs. Alibaba has recognized the role culture plays in effective marketing and has met the consumer desires of offering low cost, available goods. One of the main reasons why Alibaba has been so successful is due to their cultural sensitivity when developing onli ne marketing material and conducting business. Conclusion Communication is therefore considered to be a major issue when it comes to any business and commerce activities across cultures. People need to have a mutual understanding to enable satisfaction amongst the parties involved. Alibaba has paved the way for cultural recognition by engaging diverse cultures in their operations and giving an equal chance to all. The organization has worked in the lines of developing proper communication channels across all its networks (Peppard, 2016) Consumers are now able to purchase goods and agree to the terms and conditions more effectively as their views are considered, They are also able to give feedback concerning their satisfaction with the products purchased and services offered, Through these activities, Alibaba can advance more on their online interactions as they already know their strengths and weaknesses. Alibabas success is therefore based on their cultural diversity and sensitivity in the sectors of business and especially online marketin g. Any company that considers growth as the primary agenda should, therefore, ensure that they involve all aspects of communication within its operations to give consumers a free interaction (Ellis, 2010). The best way that many multinational companies are conducting businesses is having representations from all over the world. In this way, they can bring services closer to the consumers and in a manner that each party is satisfied. Advertisers and online marketers should also be from the particular region to enable a healthy relationship with the customers with the brand. Proper communication equals to a good turnout in the sectors of purchase and brand development. All organization should, therefore, emulate Alibaba and develop their cultural considerations and communication channels (Ellis, 2010). References Ellis, N. (2010). Business to business marketing: Relationships, networks and strategies. Oxford University Press. Peppard, J. . (2016). The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. . John Wiley Sons.

Basic Computer Application Exam Paper free essay sample

A. The primary key of a table serves to uniquely identify individual rows of the table. B. The primary key of a table is allowed to be null. C. Non-key columns are not dependent on the primary key. D. A primary key may not consist of more than one column. E. It is a key that is used as a reference to relate one entity to another entity. 3. __________ is the software that manages and controls access to the database. A. Database B. Database Application C. Database System D. DBMS E. None of the above 4. DDL allows A. Users to define a database B. Users to delete data C. Users to insert data in a database D. Users to update data from a database E. None of the above 5. Dependency based on only part of a composite primary key is called A. B. C. D. E. Functional dependency. Partial dependency. Transitive dependency. Primary key dependency. Foreign key dependency. Page 1 of 11 BASIC COMPUTER APPLICATION – CSE 1021 6. In a relation schema, the degree of a relation defined as the number of A. Tuples. B. Attributes. C. Data types. D. Relationships. E. Tables. 7. Which of the following acts as the bridge between Human and Machine in a DBMS Environment? A. People B. Hardware C. Software D. Procedures E. None of the above 8. Internal view of the database architecture is the A. Users’ view of the database B. Community view of the database. C. Physical representation of the database on the computer D. Logical representation of the database on the computer E. All of the above 9. Which of the following is an advantage of the client-server architecture? A. Reduced network traffic B. Hardware cost may be reduced C. Increased consistency D. Increased performance E. All of the above 10. One of the benefits of normalisation is that it A. B. C. D. E. Increase the number of attributes Increases data redundancy Increases update anomalies Increases the stability of the relational data model Increases the application maintenance cost 11. Which of the following is TRUE for an Entity Relational Diagram (ERD)? A. B. C. D. E. Represents data view of a system Provides a high level, conceptual view of the database structure Specify the data to be stored Shows the relationship that exists between data items All of the above Page 2 of 11 BASIC COMPUTER APPLICATION – CSE 1021 12. Which of the following is NOT part of an Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)? A. Entity B. Relationship C. Actor D. Attributes E. Cardinality 13. The different kinds of requirements include: A. B. C. D. E. Functional, non-functional, semi-functional and data requirements. Functional, non-functional, semi-functional and physical requirements. Functional, non-functional, semi-functional and social requirements. Functional, non-functional, semi-functional and organisational requirements. Data, physical, social and organisational requirements. 14. Which of the following is NOT an aim of the requirement analysis phase? A. B. C. D. E. Understand the users. Understand the task. Understand the context. Produce a stable set of requirements. Design questionnaires to elicit specific information 15. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. B. C. D. People’s immediate memory capacity is very limited Context is not important in affecting our memory Interacting with technology is not cognitive During design implications for attention, we should focus on cluttering the interface E. None of the above 16. Which of the following is NOT a method of externalizing to reduce memory load? A. Notes B. Diaries C. Reminders D. Calendars E. None of the above 17. Which of the following is NOT a valid method of doing annotation? A. Crossing off B. Ticking C. Underlining D. Learning E. None of the above Page 3 of 11 BASIC COMPUTER APPLICATION – CSE 1021 18. â€Å"A department hires many employees. An employee is employed by one department. â€Å" Which cardinality mapping best describes the relationship between Department and Employee? A. 1 to 1 B. 1 to N C. M to N D. N to M E. M to M 19. Which of the following statements is FALSE about data gathering techniques? A. Questionnaires are good for answering specific questions from a large, dispersed group of people. B. Interviews can be structured, unstructured or semi-structured. C. Naturalistic observation is good for exploring issues. D. Workshops are good at gaining a consensus view and/or highlighting areas of conflict. E. Documents are good for understanding legislation, and getting background information. 20. How many columns will be displayed after executing the query : SELECT id, name, surname FROM student; A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 0 21. A _____________ can be further subdivided to yield additional attributes. A. Simple attribute B. Composite attribute C. Derived attribute D. Multivalued attribute E. None of the above Page 4 of 11 BASIC COMPUTER APPLICATION – CSE 1021 22. One of the advantages of Supply Chain Management systems is that: A. It allows business to keep inventories at their lowest cost B. It allows businesses to choose the best customers C. It is better than Customer Relationship management systems D. It allows the customer to stay in close contact with its business partners E. All of the Above 23. Which of the following would correctly define computational offloading? A. When a tool is used in conjunction with an external representation to carry out a calculation (e. g. pen and paper) B. To-do lists written to remind us of what to do C. Explaining how we interact with external representations (e. g. aps, notes, diagrams) D. Internal constructions of some aspect of the external world enabling predictions to be made E. None of the above 24. An Enterprise Resource Planning system is a A. System for managing all the resources of the enterprise only B. System used mainly by the HR department C. System with a single database used to link the different business processes of an organisation D. System used only b y senior managers for strategic planning purposes E. System used to carry out day to day activities only 25. If a computer on the network shares resources using the HTTP protocol for thers to use, it is called a A. Browser B. Server C. Client D. Router E. Switch 26. Identify which of the following is INCORRECT about packet switching? A. Data are broken down into datagrams. B. Each datagram has the sender’s IP address and the destination’s IP address. C. All datagrams travel along the same path determined by routers. D. Datagrams are reassembled at destination. E. Loss datagram are retransmitted. Page 5 of 11 BASIC COMPUTER APPLICATION – CSE 1021 27. A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) can be a combination of 1 2 3 4 5 B. 2,3,4,5 C. 1,3,4,5 D. 1,2,4,5 E. 1,2,3,5 28. Which of the following statements is FALSE about the differences between the Internet and the World Wide Web? A. Internet is the interconnection of networks while the WWW is where information is stored B. Internet is physical while WWW is abstract (imaginary) C. Without WWW, Users will not be able to access the Internet D. Cables connect computers together for the Internet while the WWW is connected by hypertext links E. None of the above File Server Router Protocol Path A. 1,2,3,4 29. Which one of the following devices has a sole purpose to extend the physical length of a network? A. Switch B. Repeater C. Bridge D. Router E. Gateway 30. A network protocol is A. Software that facilitates connection to the internet. Page 6 of 11 BASIC COMPUTER APPLICATION – CSE 1021 B. A list of rules that describe how clients and servers communicate. C. Software that allows file copying. D. A gateway calling program for internet bridging . E. None of the above Question 2 [30 marks] (a) Match the following terms to their meaning 1. Data inconsistency A describes what data is stored in the database and the relationships among the data B Conflicting-versions of the same data C Enforces valid relationships between tables in a relational database. D A collection of application programs that perform services for the end-users such as the production of reports E It is a program that interacts with the database at some point in time [5 x 1 mark] [5 marks] 2. Conceptual level 3. Referential integrity. 4. Database Application 5. File Based System (b) (c) List down all the main steps required in designing a database. The following table shows details of vehicle owners in un-normalised form. An owner can have several vehicles. The town of the owner determines the district of the owner. Table : Vehicle_Owner CustSurname Smith Bernes CustForeName Tom Tim District PlaineWilhems Moka Town Curepipe Reduit RegNo X005 Y003 A001 B321 C008 D021 VehicleMake Honda Mitsubishi Nissan Lancer Honda Toyota Spears Britney Black-River Case Noyal Page 7 of 11 BASIC COMPUTER APPLICATION – CSE 1021 (i) Illustrate examples of the following anomalies : 1. Insertion anomalies 2. Update anomalies 3. Delete anomalies [3 marks] (ii) Normalise the data shown in the above table and show the development of your design through 1NF, 2NF and 3NF. Give appropriate names to the relations obtained and underline the primary keys of each relation. Use only the attributes provided in the table. 7 marks] (d) Consider the following scenario : â€Å"The Tertiary Education Authority (TEA) requires a system to hold details of the applicants who apply for programmes run by local institutions. Each programme is run at only one institution, though more than one programme is run at each institution. An applicant may apply for several programmes. Each institution consists of several classes and applicants are allocated to classes after they have been offered a seat. The system will store details such as identity number, surname, forename, address, telephone, date of birth and qualifications of applicants. As for the programme, its code, name and description will be stored. Every class has a name, description, location and type. † Draw the ERD for the above scenario using Chen’s notation. [10 marks] Question 3 [20 marks] (a) Consider the following tables with sample data : Table : Passenger PassID P001 P002 P005 PassName Tom Clavier Smith Polo Tintin Row Address Pamplemousses Souillac RoseMary PhoneNum 78963214 47852369 78965412 Table : Aircraft AirNum AirName Capacity Page 8 of 11 Details BASIC COMPUTER APPLICATION – CSE 1021 MK065 FR785 EM012 Air Mauritius Air France Emirates 150 100 300 TwoWay TwoWay OneWay Table : Flight FlightID F7822 G4522 P9856 PassID P002 P336 P001 AirNum FR633 EM012 MK065 Write the SQL statement which will : (i) (ii) Return the name and address of all passengers. [1 mark] Return all the name of the passengers who has taken the flight which has an ID of MK065. [3 marks] Return all the passenger ID along with the aircraft name whose capacity is 100 on which they have travelled. [4 marks] Return all the aircraft number whose name starts with ‘pa’ and ends with ‘ma’. [2 marks] (iii) (iv) (b) A book is written by an author, published by a publisher and sold by a book store. A reader can read a book. However, for a reader to read a book, he/she must buy the book. The reader can buy the book online or from a bookstore. Draw a use case diagram for this scenario. [6 marks] (c) Conceptual model enables users to readily learn a system and use it effectively. Describe how â€Å"Mental Modelling† is an approach that can help users in understanding a system. [4 marks] Question 4 [20 marks] Page 9 of 11 BASIC COMPUTER APPLICATION – CSE 1021 (a) (i) Differentiate between the two types of information systems which are used at the management level. [6 marks] (ii) Expert system is used at the Knowledge level. Briefly explain the term â€Å"Expert systemâ€Å"? [2 marks] (b) (i) Using appropriate example, describe the format of a URL. [2 marks] (ii) Using the diagram below, describe the processes represented by numbers (1-6) performed by the Domain Name Server. [5 marks] (c) (i) A hub is one of the networking devices that is used in a star topology. Explain the function of a hub. [2 marks] (ii) Consider the network topology below : State ONE advantage and TWO disadvantages of using this topology. Page 10 of 11 [3 marks] BASIC COMPUTER APPLICATION – CSE 1021 END OF QUESTION PAPER Multiple Choice (Circle the correct Answer)