Ethics Responsibility for Volkswagen -myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theEthics Professional Responsibility for Volkswagen. Answer: Introduction Business ethics is one of the extremely important attribute related to operations in the contemporary business world. Ethics could be considered as the moral judgment of right or wrong by an individual but in terms of business moral judgment clearly stands to be an important. Even though moral judgment is a part of ethics in business but it is not all and ethics is seen in a broader sense especially in the operations of a business. The decisions taken within an organisation has to be ethical in other words it should be suitable for all the stakeholders of the organisation. It is important to note that ethics plays a huge role in the effective operations of the organisation especially when it comes to performing the social responsibilities efficiently (Ogunyemi, 2017). In the history of business there are number of instances when ethics took the backseat and the personal interest got the upper hand and this is when scandals are created. It is important for the business organisations t o keep in mind the aspect of ethics which would help the organisation to make sure it has effective corporate relationship with all the stakeholders. In the last few years there have been number of unethical incidents but the one which has perfectly managed to shake the corporate world is the emission scandal by Volkswagen. The Emission scandal of VW in the years 2015 has revolutionised the automobile industry as governments and environmental agencies did not spare a single chance to rebuke the company that owns brands like Audi, Bentley, Bugatti Porsche and some other exclusive brands (Bowie, 2017). Hence the present report will be based on the discussion of the 2015 emission scandal by VW. Analysis of the VW Emission Scandal The Volkswagen Emission Scandal is a perfect example of how organisations rather to say influential organisations like Volkswagen can shape the ethical and political environment of business. For a long period of time VW aspired to become the leading automaker in the world and it has been able to achieve that. The organisation has now become the leading automotive organisation in terms of sales and revenue as well as in terms of production and hence it clearly shows the organisational capability as well as the customer loyalty. Many have disparaged this for VWs overambitious attitude towards business and have concluded this incident as the ultimate result of this (Medeiros et al., 2017). VW is a German Automobile firm which has owned number of top brands in the world and have equally done well with all the brands it sells but sometimes the complete elimination of ethics from the organisational operation creates self made trap that could ruin the overall stature of a business in a very short time. It could be said that most of the organisations working in the automobile industry have found a reason to constantly look down upon the organisation and compete highlighting the debacle in the international market. Even though the organisation has lost the edge after the emission scandal it still stands to be one of the key organisations in the global automobile industry. It is important to understand the emission scandal and the aspect of ethics related to it (Lindebaum, Geddes and Gabriel, 2017). The organisation Volkswagen had a long term vision of becoming world number one in terms of sales and revenue by 2018 and in order to do that the organisation did the unethical sort of deeds. The action forcing event to this whole story started in 2015 when a group of scientists at West Virginia University were testing diesel engine cars on the road. The international Council of Clean Transportation an NGO tried to fund the research and it hired scientists to test cars and do emission testing on certain cars (Sison, 2015). The organisation VW had been promoting their diesel cars for a fair amount of time back in 2015 and emphasised on the fact that diesel cars are much environment friendly and efficient but researcher scientists saw a dramatically different result when the team tested the diesel engines of VW, and this is where the entire issue started. The team repeated the study and to confirm their findings and this clearly showed that the promotional words of the company largely differ with the real test results and the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) suspected that the organisation VW has fitted a defeat device which is tampering the results to a large extent while being on road and during the tests (Clemente and Gabbioneta, 2017). The ICCT took information from 15 different vehicles which gave the same results and this clearly indicated that the organisation might have done it deliberately to increase sales and revenue. The information went to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) which declared that the organisation VW has violated the Clean Air Act by illegally fitting in defeat device which is a kind of software that helps to give different results by detecting the mode of the car in different situations. In multiple countries the organisation became the subject to investigations and series of cars of VW were banned in different countries especially in US, UK, Canada and in Asian countries like India, China et cetera. These governments started running strong investigations against the organisation which revealed more about heinous conspiracy. Even some of the newspapers labeled this incident as the costliest act of stupidity in the history of automobile industry. It is important to note that the organisation definitely thought a lot about this deed before they executed which clearly shows the unethical mindset and behavior of the organisation. However the biggest tragedy of the entire scandal is the enormous amount of nitrogen oxide that was released in the atmosphere (Wood, 2017). Amidst such strong environmental campaign to let people know Climate change is real this incident acted as a thorn which definitely hurt the globe to a large extent there are number of people who felt VW ne eds to be banned from making more cars after this incident but it is important to understand that self interest often gets better of collective interest if its seen from the philosophical perspective. As per the report released by the EPA around 40% of the NOx emission happen from the cars and in-spite of knowing such fact the organisation did something like this that clearly showed ethics in the contemporary business environment just exist as a term and nothing else. There have been number of debates over this act of one of the leading automakers in the world but it cannot be denied that VW acted extremely unethically which needs to be compensated but this still remains a questions whether mere monetary compensation could suffice the needs of the environment or not (Ewing, 2017). VW in order to salvage their face as a brand announced to set aside 6.5 billion euro in order to bring back the faulty pieces and revamp the cars to comply with the pollution standards but did not unequivocally take the responsibility or accepted the outcomes of the incident. The organisation thought it as a conspiracy that came within the organisation may be to taint its pride which can be the fact but what one sees believes and hence theres no point looking for clues when the entire incident is displayed in a salver. The organisation faced steep fall in its share price within the day of release of the scandal and started facing the wrath of the market. In the US the organisation is already facing huge financial penalty per car. The sales of the company has fallen by a significant share which shows the awareness of the consumers and their resolute mindset to eliminate anything that impacts the environment. It could be said from the present incident that the organisation definitely d idnt understand the aftereffect of the issue if it somehow gets revealed and hence acted in an utterly unprofessional manner but with deep environmental impact (Latif, 2017). VW Scandal and Ethics As stated earlier ethics should form the very base of the organisation and it should be working in the organisation as the rudimentary policy which a company should follow. In this case of VW ethics was not there or else the organisation wouldnt have fitted 11million cars with the defeat device. It is important to note that the organisation should have thought prudently before implementing something that goes against the environment but it did not do that and rather worked in a very selfish manner. The company should have thought about the collective good of the community but attaching the defeat device was mainly done to deceive people and foil their lies regarding the emission in the diesel cars (Ruiz-Alba and Lpez-Toro, 2017). The organisation said upright lies about low emission and acted unprofessionally which clearly had implications on its business. The organisation did not act as per the theory of ethics companies like VW should have followed utilitarianism as the ethical mainstay but the organisation acted in a selfish manner clearly not willing to focus on collective good. From the broader perspective the wrong reporting of CO2 is definitely not good for the organisation since it lost the customer loyalty as well as the sales and revenue of the organisation (Schwartz, 2017). The VW scandal is a great example of how companies could react against cases and get themselves stuck in the ditch. It is also a great example of bad corporate ethics as the organisation did not completely accept this fault and stated that it is a technical error which would be fixed right away unfortunately this did not happen and hence it could be said that the VWs scandal is a egregious breach of faith and loyalty of the cons umers which the organisation paid back through loss of customers, sales and plenty of financial lawsuits from different parts of the world (Gates et al., 2017). From the ethical point of view the organisation should have focused on understanding the situation and taking steps accordingly rather than completely denying the fact and trying to avoid the situation. As a leading brand the organisation should have understood ethics in a better way and exhibited that effectively to make sure things dont go bad for the organisation which clearly did not happen and situations worsened with the organisation denying this fault (The Independent, 2017). VW wouldnt certainly be the last company trying to deceive governments and it is not the first as well but VW clearly made the Governments to become more prudent about the way they provide relaxation to companies like these and will tend to be stronger with the testing and examinations but to say it could be said that from the ethical point of view the organisation was clearly not right as it acted upon its own interest, did not thing about collective good that involves the environment too and also clearl y worked unprofessionally denying the issue that also puts a red cross on their ethics check box (Schwartz, 2017). Conclusion From the present discussion it could be said that ethics plays a huge role in the development of an organisation as a brand in the market. A brand should act ethically and think about collective good of the community through its products rather being focused on self interest and having negative effects on the environment and on the faith of the organisation. Overall to conclude it could be said that the VW scandal is the perfect example of ethics not in use in business and hence companies should focus on using this effectively for better organisational result in the market as consumers are aware more than ever and will not spare organisations that dont follow ethical business path. References Bowie, N.E., 2017.Business ethics: A Kantian perspective. Cambridge University Press. Clemente, M. and Gabbioneta, C., 2017. How does the media frame corporate scandals? The case of German newspapers and the Volkswagen diesel scandal.Journal of Management Inquiry, p.1056492616689304. Ewing, J., 2017.Faster, Higher, Farther: The Volkswagen Scandal. WW Norton Company. Gates, G., Ewing, J., Russell, K. and Watkins, D. (2017).How Volkswagens Defeat Devices Worked. [online] Nytimes.com. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/business/international/vw-diesel-emissions-scandal-explained.html [Accessed 12 Oct. 2017]. The Independent. (2017).Volkswagen emissions scandal. [online] Available at: https://www.independent.co.uk/topic/volkswagen-emissions-scandal [Accessed 12 Oct. 2017]. Jung, K., Chilton, K. and Valero, J.N., 2017. Uncovering stakeholders in publicprivate relations on social media: a case study of the 2015 Volkswagen scandal.Quality Quantity,51(3), pp.1113-1131. kansascity. (2017).VW scandal a case study in bad corporate ethics. [online] Available at: https://www.kansascity.com/opinion/editorials/article87287037.html [Accessed 12 Oct. 2017]. Latif, A.A., 2017. Volkswagen brand: the fall of an auto empire.Journal for Global Business Advancement,10(3), pp.281-304. Lindebaum, D., Geddes, D. and Gabriel, Y., 2017. Moral emotions and ethics in organisations: Introduction to the special issue.Journal of Business Ethics,141(4), pp.645-656. Medeiros, K.E., Watts, L.L., Mulhearn, T.J., Steele, L.M., Mumford, M.D. and Connelly, S., 2017. What is Working, What is Not, and What We Need to Know: a Meta-Analytic Review of Business Ethics Instruction.Journal of Academic Ethics, pp.1-31. Ogunyemi, K., 2017. Ethics in Business.Managing for Responsibility: A Sourcebook for an Alternative Paradigm. Prasad, N., Kumar, V. and Kapoor, S., 2017. Business Ethics: A Decision Between Right or Wrong.Journal of Public Policy Environmental Management,1(1), pp.20-30. Ruiz-Alba, J. and Lpez-Toro, A., 2017. Volkswagen's scandal. Schwartz, M.S., 2017.Business Ethics: An Ethical Decision-Making Approach. John Wiley Sons. Sison, A., 2017. Handbook of virtue ethics in business and management. Wood, G., 2017. Reflections on Business Ethics through 1992-2017.European Business Review, (just-accepted), pp.00-00.

Rhoticity free essay sample

A non-rhotic  accent, however, does not have the /r/ in final or pre-consonantal positions (this is sometimes known as the post-vocalic /r/, although others use the more accurate term, the non-prevocalic /r/). What this means is that speakers of non-rhotic  accents have this rule:  if the in the spelling does not occur before a vowel sound, don’t pronounce it. (NOTE:  vowel sound, not  vowel letter. ) Here are examples of words and phrases where the won’t be pronounced by non-rhotic  speakers: †¢ department †¢ party pooper utter  nonsense and balderdash †¢ Mr  Carter, you are so argumentative, aren’t you Turning back to English, we can say that all English accents were  rhotic  up until the early  MnE  period and non-rhoticity  was a relatively late development. (Remember, spelling reflects pronunciation in the early  MnE  period. ) What is particularly interesting about the non-prevocalic /r/ is that before it was lost, it affected the vowel  preceding  it. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhoticity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It did three kinds of things: (1) lengthened the preceding vowel sound; Words like  arm,  bark  and  card  originally had a short [a] sound (cf. m, back, cad) (2) changed the quality of the vowel sound; Up until about 1600, the vowel sounds in  fern,  fir  and  fur  were the same as those in  pet,  pit  and  put  respectively (and of course, the /r/ was pronounced). Using the phonetic alphabet, their pronunciations would have been [fErn], [fIr] and [fUr]. All three vowels began to be ‘coloured’ by /r/, and the vowel quality began to coalesce into [@], so that in 1700, the pronunciations would have been [[emailprotected]], [[emailprotected]] and [[emailprotected]]   (3) caused diphthongisation. Diphthongs  followed by R, though these may be considered to end in  /? r/  in rhotic speech, and it is the  /? r/  that reduces to schwa as usual in non-rhotic speech:  tire  said in isolation is  [ta ]  and  sour  is  [sa ]. [2]  For some speakers, some long vowels alternate with a  diphthong  ending in schwa, sowear  may be  [w ]  but  wearing  [w i? ]. Examples of non-rhotic accent speaking areas: †¢ The  Boston dialect  is the  dialect  characteristic of  English  spoken in the city of  Boston  and much of eastern  Massachusetts. The best-known features of the Boston accent are  non-rhoticity  and  broad A. †¢ RP in England. †¢ Malay in  Malaysia  (Bahasa  Melayu,  Bahasa  Malaysia) is non-rhotic 14. rhotic accent a  rhotic  speaker pronounces a  rhotic consonant  in words like  hard; all English accents were  rhotic  up until the early  MnE  period Examples of rhotic accents: †¢ Malay in  Indonesia  (Bahasa  Indonesia). †¢ Scottish English. †¢ Typical American dialects are rhotic.

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About John Stuart Mill, a Male Feminist and Philosopher

About John Stuart Mill, a Male Feminist and Philosopher John Stuart Mill (1806 to 1873) is best known for his writings on liberty, ethics, human rights and economics. The utilitarian ethicist Jeremy Bentham was an influence in his youth. Mill, an atheist, was godfather to Bertrand Russell. A friend was Richard Pankhurst, the husband of suffrage activist Emmeline Pankhurst. John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor had 21 years of an unmarried, intimate friendship. After her husband died, they married in 1851. That same year, she published an essay, The Enfranchisement of Women, advocating for women being able to vote. It was barely three years after American women had called for womens suffrage at the Womans Rights Convention at Seneca Falls, New York. The Mills claimed that a transcript of a speech by Lucy Stone from the 1850 Womens Rights Convention was their inspiration. Harriet Taylor Mill died in 1858. Harriets daughter served as his assistant in subsequent years. John Stuart Mill published On Liberty shortly before Harriet died, and many believe that Harriet had more than a small influence on that work. The Subjection of Women Mill wrote The Subjection of Women in 1861, though it was not published until 1869. In this, he argues for education of women and for perfect equality for them. He credited Harriet Taylor Mill with co-authoring the essay, but few at the time or later took it seriously. Even today, many feminists accept his word on this, while many non-feminist historians and authors do not. The opening paragraph of this essay makes his position quite clear: The object of this Essay is to explain as clearly as I am able grounds of an opinion which I have held from the very earliest period when I had formed any opinions at all on social political matters, and which, instead of being weakened or modified, has been constantly growing stronger by the progress reflection and the experience of life. That the principle which regulates the existing social relations between the two sexes - the legal subordination of one sex to the other - is wrong itself, and now one of the chief hindrances to human improvement; and that it ought to be replaced by a principle of perfect equality, admitting no power or privilege on the one side, nor disability on the other. Parliament From 1865 to 1868, Mill served as a Member of Parliament. In 1866, he became the first M.P. ever to call for women being given the vote, introducing a bill written by his friend Richard Pankhurst. Mill continued to advocate for womens vote along with other reforms including additional suffrage extensions. He served as president of the Society for Womens Suffrage, founded in 1867. Extending Suffrage to Women In 1861, Mill had published Considerations on Representative Government, advocating for for a universal but graduated suffrage. This was the basis for many of his efforts in Parliament. Here is an excerpt from chapter VIII, Of the Extension of the Suffrage, where he discusses womens voting rights: In the preceding argument for universal but graduated suffrage, I have taken no account of difference of sex. I consider it to be as entirely irrelevant to political rights as difference in height or in the color of the hair. All human beings have the same interest in good government; the welfare of all is alike affected by it, and they have equal need of a voice in it to secure their share of its benefits. If there be any difference, women require it more than men, since, being physically weaker, they are more dependent on law and society for protection. Mankind have long since abandoned the only premises which will support the conclusion that women ought not to have votes. No one now holds that women should be in personal servitude; that they should have no thought, wish, or occupation but to be the domestic drudges of husbands, fathers, or brothers. It is allowed to unmarried, and wants but little of being conceded to married women to hold property, and have pecuniary and business interests in the same manner as men. It is considered suitable and proper that women should think, and write, and be teachers. As soon as these things are admitted, the political disqualification has no principle to rest on. The whole mode of thought of the modern world is, with increasing emphasis, pronouncing against the claim of society to decide for individuals what they are and are not fit for, and what they shall and shall not be allowed to attempt. If the principles of modern politics and political economy are good for any thing, it is for proving that these points can only be rightly judged of by the individuals themselves; and that, under complete freedom of choice, wherever there are real diversities of aptitude, the greater number will apply themselves to the things for which they are on the average fittest, and the exceptional course will only be taken by the exceptions. Either the whole tendency of modern social improvements has been wrong, or it ought to be carried ou t to the total abolition of all exclusions and disabilities which close any honest employment to a human being. But it is not even necessary to maintain so much in order to prove that women should have the suffrage. Were it as right as it is wrong that they should be a subordinate class, confined to domestic occupations and subject to domestic authority, they would not the less require the protection of the suffrage to secure them from the abuse of that authority. Men, as well as women, do not need political rights in order that they may govern, but in order that they may not be misgoverned. The majority of the male sex are, and will be all their lives, nothing else than laborers in corn-fields or manufactories; but this does not render the suffrage less desirable for them, nor their claim to it less irresistible, when not likely to make a bad use of it. Nobody pretends to think that woman would make a bad use of the suffrage. The worst that is said is that they would vote as mere dependents, the bidding of their male relations. If it be so, so let it be. If they think for themselves, great go od will be done; and if they do not, no harm. It is a benefit to human beings to take off their fetters, even if they do not desire to walk. It would already be a great improvement in the moral position of women to be no longer declared by law incapable of an opinion, and not entitled to a preference, respecting the most important concerns of humanity. There would be some benefit to them individually in having something to bestow which their male relatives can not exact, and are yet desirous to have. It would also be no small matter that the husband would necessarily discuss the matter with his wife, and that the vote would not be his exclusive affair, but a joint concern. People do not sufficiently consider how markedly the fact that she is able to have some action on the outward world independently of him, raises her dignity and value in a vulgar mans eyes, and makes her the object of a respect which no personal qualities would ever obtain for one whose social existence he can ent irely appropriate. The vote itself, too, would be improved in quality. The man would often be obliged to find honest reasons for his vote, such as might induce a more upright and impartial character to serve with him under the same banner. The wifes influence would often keep him true to his own sincere opinion. Often, indeed, it would be used, not on the side of public principle, but of the personal interest or worldly vanity of the family. But, wherever this would be the tendency of the wifes influence, it is exerted to the full already in that bad direction, and with the more certainty, since under the present law and custom she is generally too utter a stranger to politics in any sense in which they involve principle to be able to realize to herself that there is a point of honor in them; and most people have as little sympathy in the point of honor of others, when their own is not placed in the same thing, as they have in the religious feelings of those whose religion differs f rom theirs. Give the woman a vote, and she comes under the operation of the political point of honor. She learns to look on politics as a thing on which she is allowed to have an opinion, and in which, if one has an opinion, it ought to be acted upon; she acquires a sense of personal accountability in the matter, and will no longer feel, as she does at present, that whatever amount of bad influence she may exercise, if the man can but be persuaded, all is right, and his responsibility covers all. It is only by being herself encouraged to form an opinion, and obtain an intelligent comprehension of the reasons which ought to prevail with the conscience against the temptations of personal or family interest, that she can ever cease to act as a disturbing force on the political conscience of the man. Her indirect agency can only be prevented from being politically mischievous by being exchanged for direct. I have supposed the right of suffrage to depend, as in a good state of things it would, on personal conditions. Where it depends, as in this and most other countries, on conditions of property, the contradiction is even more flagrant. There something more than ordinarily irrational in the fact that when a woman can give all the guarantees required from a male elector, independent circumstances, the position of a householder and head of a family, payment of taxes, or whatever may be the conditions imposed, the very principle and system of a representation based on property is set aside, and an exceptionally personal disqualification is created for the mere purpose of excluding her. When it is added that in the country where this is done a woman now reigns, and that the most glorious ruler whom that country ever had was a woman, the picture of unreason and scarcely disguised injustice is complete. Let us hope that as the work proceeds of pulling down, one after another, the remains of the mouldering fabric of monopoly and tyranny, this one will not be the last to disappear; that the opinion of Bentham, of Mr. Samuel Bailey, of Mr. Hare, and many other of the most powerful political thinkers of this age and country (not to speak of others), will make its way to all minds not rendered obdurate by selfishness or inveterate prejudice; and that, before the lapse another generation, the accident of sex, no more than the accident of skin, will be deemed a sufficient justification for depriving its possessor of the equal protection and just privileges of a citizen. (Chapter VIII Of the Extension of the Suffrage from Considerations of Representative Government, by John Stuart Mill, 1861.)

Lifespan Psychology And Ageing Module Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lifespan Psychology And Ageing Module - Essay Example According to Belsky and Rossman (2007), We do not lie in isolation. We need to socialize and bond with someone.   To get a good start, an attachment to one's caregiver is important.   Insecure attachments mean trouble for the short term†¦[but] attachment is not stable" (pp. 49).   Attachment can be important in terms of the spectrum of nursing in which a patient must be cared for by his or her health assistant.   It is of paramount importance that the patient knows that he or she can depend upon his or her health assistant.   Without that establishment of trust, no amount of experience or best practices is going to work well within a health care setting.   The course content obviously has various elements that are more important than others.   However, what is paramount to being a health assistant in a nursing home is that these various concepts can be applied to my own situation and the course content has been helpful in terms of being able to deal with a variety of situations.We need to socialize and bond with someone.   To get a good start, an attachment to one's caregiver is important.   Insecure attachments mean trouble for the short term†¦[but] attachment is not stable" (pp. 49).   Attachment can be important in terms of the spectrum of nursing in which a patient must be cared for by his or her health assistant.   It is of paramount importance that the patient knows that he or she can depend upon his or her health assistant.... experience that, generally, people are very particular about the care they receive—and they like for it to remain a private matter as much as possible. According to Gallagher (2008), â€Å"[W]hile private nursing home care is represented as providing choice to older people and their families and as part of a mixed economy of welfare for meeting long-term care needs, it can also be argued that the reliance on private nursing homes to provide care [is mainly a private affair]†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pp. 80). Late adulthood can be a particularly challenging time for an adult, particularly if the person in question must sell all their possessions in order to afford nursing home care. They may have difficulties if they are patients who are not able to care for themselves and cannot function in assisted living units. As a health assistant, it has been my experience that there are several and various types of problems which many adults in nursing home care face, including depression, neglect , and/or loneliness. These issues can be serious if they are not addressed. The topic of loneliness will be discussed more in the next section. IV. What I Have Learned from the Material Covered (175 words) What has been learned from the material covered is so priceless that no one can really put value on such knowledge. From the course material, it has been possible to become a more understanding and compassionate individual as a health assistant—now that an overarching picture of the lifespan and its various dimensions have been presented to me. According to O’Brien (2008), her book â€Å"†¦explains lifespan development from conception to old age, and is supported by Irish facts, research, statistics and context. It introduces and discusses key debates within psychology, such as nature vs. nurture and

The role of women performers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The role of women performers - Essay Example In addition, both articles address the way music has undergone transformation through age and artists with Nicky Minaj being the current mc while the likes of missy Eliot in the 1990’s (Article 2). While article 1 discusses the form of music which hulls abuses at women which is the gangster rap since this environment is considered a masculine performance environment; article 2 discusses a form of music where women and their growth in the music industry is highly appreciated. On the other hand, article 1 talks about the topic "Unladylike Divas": Language, Gender, and Female Gangsta Rappers† while article two talks about, â€Å"The return of the Femcee: New female rappers shake up the game† hence, the first article is quite retrogressive while the second article is progressive. It is true and quite clear that women have today cropped into majority of the fields that were previously known to be purely for men such as in the music industry where women today can perform genres of music, which only men performed. Hence, women have experienced progressive growth hence renegotiation of femininity as expressed through their prowess in both gangster rap and hip-hop music (Lengel, Laura and John

Aircraft Crash Survival Analysis and Design Essay

Aircraft Crash Survival Analysis and Design - Essay Example While the paper dwells on the basics operation and construction of ejection seat, it also brings out new developments in the field. Emergency escape from a malfunctioning aircraft is of utmost importance for any Air Force. The cost of training a fighter pilot is prohibitive and time taken for him to become operational is significant. Therefore all efforts have to be made to save a fighter pilot from the malfunctioning aircraft. In the older era, the aircraft envelope was fairly limited. The speeds of the pre World War I fighters were low enough to permit manual bail out, where in, the pilot jumps out of the aircraft with parachutes on. However, the modern day fighter class of aircraft operates at speeds beyond Mach .2.0 and at altitudes from Ultra Low Levels (30m) to beyond 60,000’. The kind of maneuvers performed by the fighter pilots during operations leave little margin of error. Flying at such envelope, it would be impossible for a fighter pilot to bail out from the aircraft manually. Therefore ejection seats are a must for a safe escape from the malfunctioning aircraft. The ejection seats not only pr ovide a means of escape from the malfunctioning aircraft, but also house the Pilot Survival Pack which contains adequate reserve equipment for the pilot to survive for about 48 hours till rescue arrives. The type of survival pack would depend on the type of terrain over which the pilot is expected to operate namely jungle, snow or water. The first bungee assisted escape from an aircraft took place as early as 1910. Earliest example of ejection seat was a seat using compressed air, patented in 1916 by Everard Calthrop. The current design for ejection seat is attributable to Romanian inventor Anastase Dragomir. Dragomir patented his "catapult-able cockpit" at the French Patent Office (patent no. 678566, of April 2, 1930, Nouveau systà ¨me de montage des parachutes dans les appareils de locomotion aà ©rienne). This design was successfully tested on