International and comparative HRM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International and comparative HRM - Assignment Example As argued by Edwards et al. (2001, p.201), the intricate connection between markets and institutions, and the physical benefits of actors ultimately influence the transfer of HR practices within MNCs. This paper will critically evaluate the manner in which host and home country environments interrelate to yield the forces that eventually influence the transfer of HR practices within British MNCs operating in China. This evaluation will consider the cultural, institutional, and organisational barriers or facilitators while citing examples of specific HR practices that are more likely to be adopted in the Chinese national cultural and institutional context. Within the context of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of nations, businesses have successfully expanded their operations beyond national frontiers thereby leading to the rise of MNCs (Ferner & Quintanilla 1998, p.710). MNCs can simply be understood as corporations that have their headquarters in one state and operations spread out in several other countries as suggested by the word multinational. MNCs are naturally oligopolistic powers that tend to dominate markets while joining forces with other great businesses to gain monopoly. MNCs explore the latest advanced technologies to deliver excellent value products and services across their chains. In most cases, MNCs invest heavily on research and development of new improved technologies for maximum efficiency in chain operations. MNCs have grown significantly in the recent past thereby contributing immensely to the global GDP (Edwards, Marginson & Ferner 2012, p.2). The scope of MNC’s operations has increased further, following the prevalent deregulation of global economies to eliminate barriers to foreign domestic investment. The level of transfer of HRM practices in different types of MNCs varies exceedingly, because they adopt varying strategies to the transfer of HRM practices

The implications for UK service sector firms Essay Example for Free

The implications for UK service sector firms Essay Discuss the implications for UK service sector firms that have off shed IT or administrative functions to low cost economies, such as India. The relocation of certain industries or functions from the UK to other low-cost economies abroad has raised a number of issues over the years. From a management perspective, it is seen as a great way of reducing overheads. However, customers have identified this as a drawback in most industries today. Firstly, transferring parts of a business to a low cost economy decreases overall expenses as mentioned earlier. This could be that, the value of the pound is much stronger than that of the currency in these low cost economies so businesses have to pay much lesser total overheads. As these firms receive their revenue in pounds sterling, they would rather pay out their expenses such as electricity in Indian rupee which is about 0.01% of a pound. This is an ideological tool in exploiting different economies efficiently. It helps businesses to keep their costs very low but rather increase their profit margins. This may not always be the case though, since economic factors are very much unpredictable. Such firms are likely to have a huge loss should there be any increase in the value of the Indian currency. This could create potential instability in the business thus causing them to relocate into the UK service sector. Also, firms relocating in low cost economies are able to benefit from cheap labour costs. The increase in young, well educated workers in such economies have caused these industries to enter such markets since they are rather skilled labour that have the right skills and expertise but rather tend to demand less wages. According to statistics from the work foundation in 2004, software engineers in India received about à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5000 to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½15000 per annum which is a staggering 15-17% of what employees with the same position in the UK receive. This explains the use of highly skilled workforce which potentially increases productivity rate however keeping expenses such as wages at a reduced rate. Furthermore, service sectors which may have offshore are likely to gain from greater economies of scale because of the increase in the demand for the firms services. This may lead to a reduction in unit costs such as computer systems. Lower average costs should help such firms to be able to expand into different markets and to be rather competitive. However, the extent to which these firms can increase demand for their services depends whether it can meet its business objectives and attract customers since it has different departments of the business in different parts of the world. Without driving in enough customers through quality business management, the firm will certainly fall short of demand thus diseconomies of scale. Moreover, service sector firms might transfer parts of its business to places such as India to be able to benefit from cheaper land. Since in the UK, there are many restrictions to the acquisition of land, different taxes and legal permits to be able to acquire a location, it is a much wiser idea to locate in places where there are much fewer red tapes or barriers which could reduce costs. The difficulty however, could be the maintenance of quality customer services since these functions are nowhere near close to the department responsible for maintaining good customer relationships. Having mentioned all these positive implications, there may be some negatives attached to transferring a part of a business to another location. Critically, there may be some difficult ethical issues involved with this process. It may not be of good benefit to the economy if businesses were to shut down and create employment in another part of the world since employment is one of the main boosts to the economy. An increase in unemployment creates a decrease in consumer confidence which effectively means that customers would not purchase any items therefore; the government would therefore not receive huge amounts of tax. This does have a huge impact on the position of the economy and position of individuals. Another ethical issue could be; is it right to pay much lower wages abroad than in the UK? Certainly, the answer should be No. Another potential problem of off shoring is the language and cultural differences between the UK and places such as India. Communication is one of the key tools for any successful firm. Lack of understanding between colleagues might hinder the success of the firm since information will not be passed on correctly. The TalkTalk group was the most complained about provider of landline and broadband services between October 2010 and February 2011. This was majorly due to the fact that most of its customer service assistants were based outside the country which made communications between the two parties i.e. customers and customer assistants difficult. Practically all UK firms based in India have had to train their staff there, to increase their fluency in English. Certainly, this comes along with certain costs which again increase their total overheads. There might also be differences in working practices between countries, including the working hours, which can have great impact on the performance of the business. Offshoring also has an impact on the public image or reputation of a firm. A number of UK service sector companies have attracted the media over allegations of worker exploitation in low cost economies on order to reduce costs. Such media representations might reduce demand for a firms services or might also make workers feel unsafe at the workplace. These could directly have links with the mobility of demand for the firms services. Also, it is seen as a way to avoid competition in the market which then again, ruins the public image of the firm. Overall then, offshoring is a great business technique which exploits different markets but at the same time reduces costs effectively. However, it brings about some ethical issues such as the impact on the economy and also could be seen to be very costly in terms of training staff in other parts of the world because of language barrier. Also, does not take the interest of its customers who are a great asset to every firm, into concern. It is therefore with no doubt that most businesses are moving back to the UK since it has been discovered that the negatives of offshoring do outweigh the positives.

The Impact and the Outcome of Pain :: Essays Papers

The Impact and the Outcome of Pain The impact of sexual abuse reaches all levels of Childs emotions. Confusion: This is usually the first reaction of the child. They will usually question, â€Å"What is going on?† and â€Å" Is this right or wrong?† For a young child these questions can be a huge load on their psychological development. Once the abuse begins the victim experience a tremendous conflict with their emotions. They experience pain, guilt, and anger for what is being done. The question, â€Å"Is this right or wrong?† posses the greatest conflict within the Childs minds. The abuse feels so wrong yet the abuser insist it is okay, taking advantage of the Childs mistrust and naivety. This kind of conflict can stay within the victim’s minds for years. This pain and conflict is what Dorothy Allison writes about in her book ‘two or three things I know for sure† Coming from a dysfunctional low-class family with mostly women around was her environment for years and the only man around, sexually abused her. Imagine yourself in a similar position and ask yourself â€Å"what would the effect be on me?† The effect on Dorothy Allison is portrayed in the book. She writes about having mixed emotions that for people who have not had such an experience seems quit strange. For example on page 48 (I knew; with fury) she describes the first time making love to a woman. When she makes love to her the smell reminds her of her stepfather. She feels both desire and hatred. The desire was what scared her, but by making love to this woman it made her feel more comfortable with that emotion. The desire resulted in a process of healing, not thinking of her stepfather while having sex. It takes her a long time tough not to feel rage when she feels desire. Comparing a book like this with Ursula Duba’s in essence is not hard. Both have the clear topic of multiple sources of social identity. In both books you can read about things that make peoples identities change, be it atrocities of war or a horrible experience like rape. The difference however and also the main topic of this paper lies in emotional wounds and their possible healing. In â€Å"The bakers story† a poem is written about a baker and his wife, both holocaust survivors, and the regularly visits Duba and her husband made to the bakery shop.

Influence of Television Programs on Children

Before there was television, children had options of playing outside, playing board games, or doing simple activities like reading or drawing. Now that TV exists to a high extremity, it has become apparent that nowadays these children shows have surpassed physical and intellectual activities and have now become a way of life for children. We now see children wearing clothing, playing video games, playing with toys, and watching movies featuring famous characters that started off as mere creations that starred on half-hour to one hour long programs.Whether it is a positive or negative happening, children programming is becoming a global phenomenon affecting many kids around the world. The most relevant questions posed are how these shows affect children inside and outside of the US, and is this controversial issue affecting these children for the better or for the worse. It is clear that children within the United States have become indulged with computers, video games, and, most evid ently, television. Nickelodeon in particular has been coming out with shows made just for younger children over the last decade.An example of this would be â€Å"Dora the Explorer. † As Dora celebrates her 10th year on air, ratings and sales show that this Latina is here to stay. In an article from Dayton Daily News in Dayton, Ohio, Sigal Ratner-Arias addresses this bilingual girl’s journey into the hearts of millions of children. Today, Dora is seen in 151 different markets and has been translated to 30 different languages. She appears in countries such as the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and Ireland and teaches Spanish.However, while this busy girl teaches Spanish to English-speaking countries, she also teaches English to Hispanic countries (Ratner-Arias n. pag). â€Å"According to Nickelodeon, ‘Dora’ has generated over $11 billion in worldwide sales since 2002 having sold 65 million units of Fisher Price Dora the Explorer toys, 50 million books an d over 20 million DVDs worldwide,† writes Ratner-Arias (Ratner-Arias n. pag). For originally being created as a forest animal, â€Å"Dora the Explorer† has become a global idol to young children (Ratner-Arias n. pag).Another Nickelodeon star causing global waves is the sponge that lives in a pineapple under the sea, â€Å"Spongebob Squarepants. † Martha Worboy, writer for The Gazette in Montreal, writes about the impact Spongebob Squarepants has had on children around the world. Since this show premiered in July of 1999, Spongebob has advanced himself to be seen in 171 markets and translated into 25 languages (Worboy n. pag). Along with many other shows, Spongebob has been seen in video games, movies, clothing, food, and seen in stores such as Wal-Mart, Best Buy, Kohl’s, and Radio Shack (Worboy n. pag).Spongebob has sparked imagination amongst children around the world and continues to grow in popularity of all ages. Two other shows that have shown signifi cant rise around the world are â€Å"Sesame Street† and â€Å"Blue’s Clues. † According to an article from Melbourne, Australia’s newspaper, The Age, â€Å"Blue’s Clues† has been seen in 60 different countries and has been translated into 15 different languages (Dunn n. pag). Kids have the ability to interact with a guy named Joe and his cute, blue puppy, Blue. Along with Joe, children work to solve a mystery that Blue has laid out for them.With this show, children have the ability to be entertained through interaction with an animated puppy that also stimulates their brain. Though â€Å"Sesame Street† has been seen for many years and is highly known, this show still continues to branch out more and more. This Day, a newspaper out of Nigeria stated that later this year, â€Å"Sesame Street† will be introduced as â€Å"Sesame Square† in Nigeria; however, with it comes a unique twist to the characters (â€Å"This Day† n. pag). This show will be hosted by two Muppet characters.One is named Kami, a golden fur, girl Muppet who is HIV positive, and Zobi, a furry blue, boy Muppet (â€Å"This Day† n. pag). This show has drawn quite the anticipation in Nigeria and even allowed the Nigerian people to vote on a name for the blue furry Muppet (â€Å"This Day† n. pag). With the ongoing advancement of technology and improvement of shows made for children, it can only be wondered how long until the next animated phenomenon is created. Although these television shows have obviously been globalized, they also lead to the question of if the impact they have had on children can truly be een as constructive or harmful. Many people have questioned whether or not children shows are in fact engaging the minds of young kids and teaching them various ways to look at life or, in contrast, poisoning their minds and encouraging them into bad choices and presenting an overall negative effect on their life outside of watching the television. In a Boston periodical, The Jewish Advocate, Lauren Kramer views a theory brought by Dr. Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, director for the infant-language laboratory at Temple University.Pasek develops the idea of the â€Å"Six C’s† which creates a recipe for success in young children. These â€Å"Six C’s† are: collaboration with others, communication, content, creative, and confidence (Kramer n. pag). Pasek goes on to discuss that none of these can be seen or adapted by watching television. She also states that while content may be seen while watching TV it is really just a quick fix and will not benefit children in the long run (Kramer n. pag). Pasek stresses, â€Å"We know young kids are better when they’re actively rather than passively engaged, and TV is passive,† (Kramer n. pag).In this article, Pasek also determines that children under three years of age in no way benefit from television; even if it is â€Å"Bab y Einstein,† (Kramer n. pag). Studies have also been conducted trying to determine whether or not watching television to great amounts is affecting the eating habits and psyche of young children. A study published by US Journal Pediatrics found that more psychological difficulties dealing with peers, emotional issues, and hyperactivity are likely to develop with children who spend numerous hours daily in front of television or playing video games (Yahoo!News n. pag). Researchers studied 1,013 children ages 10 to 11 and had them complete a 25-point questionnaire, a self-report about daily hours watching television or playing games, and measured their physical activity using an accelerometer in which the kids wore around their waist for seven days (Yahoo! News n. pag). It was concluded that children spending two or more hours a day were likely to score higher on the questionnaire which indicated, â€Å"They had more psychological difficulties than kids who did not spend a lot o f time in front of a screen,† (Yahoo! News n. pag).Even if children are physically active but still spend multiple hours watching television or playing video games, they are still at risk for psychological difficulties. Researchers stress the importance of parents regulating how much these activities are being done to ensure their kids’ well being (Yahoo! News n. pag). A periodical appearing in Medical Post by Amber Lepage-Monette discusses Sonia Miller, a Harvard Medical Student, who conducted a study in 2007 which was a, â€Å"cross sectional analysis of children taking part in Project Viva, which followed more than 2,000 pregnant women and their offspring.Data on diet and TV time were gathered for 1,203 three-year-old children,† (Monette n. pag). After this study was completed, Miller found that for every extra hour of TV the average child viewed per day, they were in taking 0. 06 extra servings of sugar sweetened beverages per day, 0. 32 additional servings o f fast food per week, and an additional 48. 7 calories a day. This research also revealed that these children were consuming 0. 18 fewer fruit and vegetable daily servings along with 0. 44 fewer grams of fiber, and 24. fewer milligrams of calcium per day (Monette n. pag). Miller notes, â€Å"Previous studies revealed the association between obesity and TV viewing is not due to time spent watching TV replacing time spent being physically active,† (Monette n. pag). From this it can be seen that parents should be thinking twice before placing their kids in front of the TV for long periods of time. On the counterpoint, while there is a strong consensus that television has a negative impact on children, some say it is very much so educational and beneficial.Amanda Dunn, writer for The Age newspaper in Australia, views opinions of various people about the effect of television on children. Mark Mitchell, star of an Australian show â€Å"Round the Twist,† states that while he enjoys engaging children in his show, he worries that television has and will continue to become a babysitter for kids (Dunn n. pag). Lee Burton, senior lecturer in media education at RMIT University Australia, strongly disagrees and, â€Å"thinks the babysitter argument is something of a myth, and believes that television is a fine educator and entertainer of children as long as it is regulated,† (Dunn n. ag). Even those that find television valuable for children agree that there needs to be some sort of limitation on how much kids are watching. After doing this research and viewing different perspectives, I find myself definite on what I believe is correct for children. I thoroughly believe that television is a necessity for children.It enforces creativity and imagination and further emphasizes the importance of creating an individual within oneself. The various shows geared towards children do an exceptional job at giving them the break from the daily grind that I believe s needed even at a young age. Many shows that are made more for the audience of pre-teens to teenagers also do more than entertain these viewers but also relates to their lives by incorporating real life situations. For example, a show I have always been fond of is â€Å"Degrassi† which is a show filmed in Canada. This show follows teenagers that attend Degrassi Community High School and follows their triumphs, as well as their losses. Degrassi is ideal for teenagers because it allows them to relate to the situations presented as well as relate it to their own lives and where there is comparison.In this show viewers have witnessed relationships, the reality of STDs, a school shooting, a murder, a suicide, and a school lockdown. It is because of me watching this show that I believe television can educate and enlighten as well as entertain. Every age group has a show that does both of these things for them. I also believe that there needs to be limitations on how often kids wat ch TV. Studies I have mentioned before show that there are many disadvantages and losses the children will endure if they continue to watch as much television as they have been allotted thus far.People continue to say that they are worried for our generation in the future. Well now there is a simple thing that can be done to assist in shaping a better generation; it just needs to be embraced. Children do not need to be at a computer, playing a video game, or watching TV for more than an hour and a half daily. More than this limit will lead to more and more regression of the generation. Television shows have become a global phenomenon to children of all ages.Clothing, food, games, toys, and many more can be seen surrounding children due to the popularity of these shows. As good as it may seem to be able to sit back and watch various shows at night, it has been proven to be bad for the development of children and worsen their health and nutritional stability. Whether one believes TV i s a positive or negative occurrence, it cannot be denied that there need to be limitations on how much television children are engaged in daily in order to support children accomplishing their optimal well being.

The Electronic Cigarette Alternative

We live in a fast-paced world, and with each invention things speed up even more. And here it does it again. An electronic version of anything, from the e-book to the cloud technology, will continue to have rejoinders in the arrival of the e-cigarette. Fancy a drag? Why not try it through a healthier form of smoking in the medium provided by e-cigarettes. E-cigarettes are the latest crazes that were made in a bid to replace tobacco in a world that is becoming more aware about health hazards.The lectronic cigarette resembles the traditional cigarette in appearance but it works its magic by simulating the effect of tobacco once it hits the system. The e-cigarette can very well become the means that one can adopt to help them wean off smoking altogether although research questions remains to be framed and studied regarding how successful or common this optimistic attitude has resonated with smokers or aspiring quitters. However, as an alternative, the e-cigarette is said to be safer tha n real' cigarettes.The concept was formulated by a Chinese pharmacist, Hon Lik, in the period following the new millennium, allowing the continued inhalation of nicotine sans the cons of tobacco smoke. Although the e-cigarette was welcomed by a flurry of bans by different countries around the globe, the openness and inquisitive spirit of research has once again opened the way for real questions to be asked regarding the advantages of switching from ciggies to its electronic version. The e-ciggies are more ser-friendly.The user merely needs to take long drags to release the nicotine from the cartridge. That's the end of traditional lighters for you. Once no longer in use, the atomizer in the cylinder detects a change in air pressure and deactivates. It comes in different flavors so the user can take their pick. It is a safer option for newbie's. Some old timers say that the e-cigarette makes for a poor replacement because they feel that the ‘hit' is missing when they inhale the smoke released into the throat.Maybe it's not even about going away from ‘real' cigarettes. E-cigarettes exist as an option in a market that is driven by its ability to offer buyers with variety. Their pitch stands on the foundation that they are free from over 4000 chemical that are present in traditional fags. Finally, the user will benefit from the product because they will have more disposable income to spend on other products as e-cigarettes are way cheaper than their big brother.

I Heard The Owl Call My Name-Parallelism essays

I Heard The Owl Call My Name-Parallelism essays Soon silence will have passed into legend. Man had turned his back on silence. Day after day he invents machines and devices that increase noise and distract humanity from the essence of life, contemplation, meditation... (Jean Arp. Internet). Since the beginning of time, we have tried to make our lives effortlessly by inventing contraptions to make this world an easier place. Inventions such as the television, computer, phone, and car have made our world a lot easier- making us lazier at the same time. While we think this progress is so vital, we sometimes forget that to gain progress we have to let go of things we are fond of. The tribe described in I Heard the Owl Call My Name has learnt to live without the place they love- their home. Seeing evolutions take its course can be a scary revelation- if youre not prepared. The people of Kingcome could sense their culture depleting and they could cope with the realization that their lives were changing. When all the factors started to pile up, the Kwatkuitl tribe had to face the fact that some day their village would be just a memory in the back of their minds. The earliest hint to the changing culture was that T.P. was the only one alive now whose broad brow showed... it had been tightly bound with cedar bands. (Craven 22.) This quote shows that traditions and culture of the tribe were slowly changing just like the seasons changed. Craven writes that a strange little wind of dissent (51) arose when the native children come home from school. Although the relatives are glad to see their family, the visit also brings up the feeling of resentment to the village because the young no longer know their native language or their tribes history and culture. As Peter the c arver stated: When the young leave, the world takes them, and damages them... [t]hey go, and soon the village will go also. (52). When the time comes, t...

Free Essays on African Women, Women Of The Third World,

Guinea West Africa obtained it’s Independence in 1958, as a consequence of its rejection on de Gaulle’s proposed new constitution. A socialist republic was immediately declared. The current Guinea government is now based on a constitution that was adopted in 1990 and went into effect in 1991. The new constitution established Guinea as a republic (Guinea, 1). This choice was to have important repercussions for the Guinean masses, imposing gigantic pressures on them. However, what happened to the Guinean woman? Where did she stand in the new order? Guinea was and is in a state of evolution, while still bearing the deep imprint of its cultural past. Ancestral values die-hard. In addition, in certain places and some circles they hold sway. However, it must be emphasized that Guinea is one of the countries that included the integration of women it its political program. It is one of the first states to promote a policy of integration and emancipation of women. When it was necessary to oppose the reactionary forces which sought to keep Guinea under colonial domination, â€Å"the women of Guinea armed themselves and took their place in the forefront of the fight against the enemy† (Cabral, 55). For example the heroic M’Ballia Camara, who was assassinated on February 9, 1955, and disemboweled while she was carrying the child of the colonials’ puppet of that period, David Sylla (Cabral, 55). The date of her death is celebrated as the National Day of Guinean Women. Guinea also has the highest rate of female participation in government of any African state. By way of comparison, in 1997 Algeria had eight women deputies out of a total of 261 while Guinea 22 of its 72 deputies were women (World Bank Atlas). Similarly, a woman, Mme. Malfory Bangoura, who had never attended a French school, was appointed Minster for Social Affairs and leader of the women’s section of the PDG (Parti Democratique de Guinee) (World Ba... Free Essays on African Women, Women Of The Third World, Free Essays on African Women, Women Of The Third World, Guinea West Africa obtained it’s Independence in 1958, as a consequence of its rejection on de Gaulle’s proposed new constitution. A socialist republic was immediately declared. The current Guinea government is now based on a constitution that was adopted in 1990 and went into effect in 1991. The new constitution established Guinea as a republic (Guinea, 1). This choice was to have important repercussions for the Guinean masses, imposing gigantic pressures on them. However, what happened to the Guinean woman? Where did she stand in the new order? Guinea was and is in a state of evolution, while still bearing the deep imprint of its cultural past. Ancestral values die-hard. In addition, in certain places and some circles they hold sway. However, it must be emphasized that Guinea is one of the countries that included the integration of women it its political program. It is one of the first states to promote a policy of integration and emancipation of women. When it was necessary to oppose the reactionary forces which sought to keep Guinea under colonial domination, â€Å"the women of Guinea armed themselves and took their place in the forefront of the fight against the enemy† (Cabral, 55). For example the heroic M’Ballia Camara, who was assassinated on February 9, 1955, and disemboweled while she was carrying the child of the colonials’ puppet of that period, David Sylla (Cabral, 55). The date of her death is celebrated as the National Day of Guinean Women. Guinea also has the highest rate of female participation in government of any African state. By way of comparison, in 1997 Algeria had eight women deputies out of a total of 261 while Guinea 22 of its 72 deputies were women (World Bank Atlas). Similarly, a woman, Mme. Malfory Bangoura, who had never attended a French school, was appointed Minster for Social Affairs and leader of the women’s section of the PDG (Parti Democratique de Guinee) (World Ba...

Ça Alors - French Expression

Ça Alors - French Expression The French exclamation  Ãƒ §a  alors  can express a whole range of reactions, from delight to surprise to indignation. Its used to mean how about that or my goodness and literally translates to that then. Like the second meaning of its old-fashioned cousin  ma  foi,  Ãƒ §a  alors  serves mainly to emphasize whatever it is said with.  It has an informal  register. Pronunciation Ça  Alors is pronounced [sah ah luhr]. Be careful not to contract the two words into [sah luhr] - you need to pronounce both as with a tiny pause between them. Example Usage of  Ãƒâ€¡a Alors Ça alors ! Je naurais jamais imaginà © un produit pareil.My goodness! Id never have imagined such a product.    -Je vais dà ©mà ©nager au Sà ©nà ©gal.-Ça alors, cest formidable  !-Im going to move to Senegal.-How about that! / Wow, thats great!    -Jai invità © Thomas dà ©jeuner, mais il prà ©tend à ªtre dà ©bordà © de travail.-Ça alors, je lai vu la plage trois fois cette semaine  !-I invited Thomas to lunch, but he claims to be snowed under with work.-Well, really, I saw him at the beach three times this week!

Human Dignity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Dignity - Essay Example Facts and discussion presented in this critical analysis are basically meant to support the claim that â€Å"denying human dignity which is one of the biggest ideologies of human nature through some notorious genetic advancements like cloning and assortative mating can lead the world down a very dangerous path.† This complication is well highlighted and explained by the author by way of judging the valid importance of human dignity against genetic advancements in the chapter. First, the author strives to explain how the concept if human dignity holds importance and should be respected by way of mentioning Factor X and what it professes. Factor X is identified as the basic reason why every human being should be credited with a certain level of respect and dignity. The author justifies his argument by smartly associating Factor X with the need to preserve human dignity by discussing that violating Factor X is like committing a crime against humanity which should be detested. However, many practical examples can be found even in the present world regarding how many times, certain humans are ripped off of their natural rights including dignity only because they belong from a lower class or have a different racial or ethnic background than the ruling class of a society. â€Å"We accord beings with Factor X not just human rights but, if they are adults, political rights as well† (Fukuyama 3). It is claimed in the chapter so as to support the main argume nt that why every human should be considered worthy of a certain level of respect is because Factor X is assigned by God to all humans and also because a human being is able to develop many complex relationships in life with the natural intellect god blesses him/her with which makes human beings become far superior than the rest of natural creation. Secondly, a very important disadvantage is mentioned by the author after discussing Factor X in the

Class is Policy,Law,Ethic.....Topic is Policy Boundaries Research Paper

Class is Policy,Law,Ethic.....Topic is Policy Boundaries - Research Paper Example In this context, nurses leader hold both the qualities and capacities of employees as well as managers. These requirements define the element of the working relations within the institution. This provides the need to define the policy boundaries for the issue of nurse management strategies to apply in the institution. Historically, the issue of leadership pertains to an emergent relationship among the nurses within a relatively sensitive field. The quality of healthcare achieved within the nursing facility matters a great deal considering the sentimental value attached to nursing practice. Since the time of Florence Nightingale, the most compassionate and successful nurse of historical times, to the current nursing fraternity, the profession continues to evolve remarkably with respect to the nursing management capacity and working relations. The success of nursing leadership style determines the consequential achievement and utilization of available resource of labor in delivering services. As a nurse practitioner, I realize the need for understanding the capacity of leadership from a personal experience. In this practice, I had the opportunity to serve under various nurse leaders that managed the facilities I worked within. In this course, I encountered the leadership of nursing institution from the perspective of a compassionate, team-spirited nurse leader, and that of an authoritarian leader who managed and drove all aspects of decision making without regard for the other staff. These leadership styles in their application within the current working space of the nurses caused various observable features that create the need to evaluate leadership styles as applied by nurses within the management capacity of the nursing institutions. The observable trends in the nursing facilities experiences both aspects of leadership styles with respect to the contextual

People Resourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

People Resourcing - Essay Example The definition of people resourcing includes a number of activities. â€Å"People resourcing is concerned with ensuring that the organisation obtains and retains the human capital needs and employs them productively. It is also about those aspects of employment practices that are concerned with welcoming people to organisation and, if there is no alternative, releasing them† .This definition highlights important aspects relating to people resourcing. First, it primarily focuses on organisation’s human capital requirements and subsequently it requires the effective and productive use of employees. In this regard, it is pertinent to highlight that this part of definition looks ambiguous as it does not further describe the productivity of employees. Consequently, this situation leads to consequent unclear application of definition. In the next part of definition, the definition author has attempted to elucidate hiring and firing perspective as an inbuilt part of people res ourcing. However, it is still relevant to highlight that this definition points out the importance of human capital. For example, the definition author insists that human capital, such as natural talent, ability to satisfy job description and job role as expected by employer, remains a central focal point of the definition. At the same time, the definition also insists that after satiating the first two requirements of the definition, it is essential to work for the third requirement (productive utilisation) of the hired personnel.

Feasibility Report of Licensing Agreement between Alarmz Ltd Essay

Feasibility Report of Licensing Agreement between Alarmz Ltd. (Britain) and Rio Inc. (Brazil) - Essay Example Alarmz Ltd plans to enter into a licensing agreement with a Brazilian company Rio Inc. for the purpose of manufacturing and distributing a new tamper – proof vehicle alarm. This report aims to explore the possible issues related to this licensing agreement. Issues Related to Licensing Agreement with a Brazilian Company A licensing agreement involves a number of issues that a British company needs to consider before finalizing the deal with a Brazilian Company. Prominent issues are: 1) Government Permissions A licensing agreement with a foreign company for manufacturing and distribution of a product requires initial permissions from the relevant government (Stamicarbon 2011). These permissions will authorize the licensing agreement and allow Alarmz Ltd. to transfer its technology to Rio Inc. for a definite consideration. 2) Cultural Differences Both of the participants in this licensing agreement have different cultures. These culture poses great challenges to the effective exe cution of the licensing agreement in its true spirit. 3) Legal Support and Protection Legal protection acts as a corner stone for a business. In the instance where legal protection is weak or unavailable, the business survival can be at high stakes. Therefore it is important to ensure that the protections available to Alarmz Ltd in Britain are also available in Brazil. Intellectual property protection is of greatest importance. Therefore, it is important to understand the protection that is provided to the intellectual property, the types that are protected and time taken to register the rights. 4) Employment and Labor Laws Differences The economy of a country keeps on fluctuating. The employment laws are also affected considerably (StartupOverseas 2011). Therefore, there is a risk of strike by labor unions against any government measure or legal changes. As a result of which Alarmz Ltd will have to suffer in terms of the license royalties which will be considerably varied. 5) Custo ms and Tariffs, Excise Duties and other Taxes The customs, tariffs, excise duties and other taxes define the scope of government intervention in a particular industry. In case Brazilian government has imposed higher taxes to discourage certain practices, it might affect the license agreement execution significantly. 6) Competition and Economic Barriers The existing competition in the established market can pose great challenges to Rio Inc. to undertake the license agreement successfully and make a profit. The old market players have a marked share of the market based on their hard earned goodwill and reputation. The customers recognize, accept and value the products of the established brand names in the country. They doubt any new entrants with a zero-track record of activities in their own country. When Rio Inc. will start the business of manufacturing and distribution of vehicle alarm in Brazil under the trademark of Alarmz Ltd, it may have to face problems in

Kick-off Meetings Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Kick-off Meetings - Research Paper Example The team leader must assign different work to each of the members. A schedule of weekly meetings must be prepared. The team also has to set delivery dates to ensure the project is completed on time. â€Å"In any effective meeting, participants are better off when they have a clear understanding of how it will progress† (Sisco, 2002). Last semester I was involved in a project for school. During that project we had a kickoff meeting when it started. The kickoff meeting was a complete disaster. The members of the team did not communicate well. The members were constantly arguing with each other. Two people wanted the team leadership position. After the two hour meeting we did not accomplish anything. This experience taught me that kickoff meetings should be handled differently. In the future whenever I get a chance to participate in a kickoff meeting once again I will try to do things differently. The first thing that I will focus on during a kickoff meeting is to keep the lines of communication open. I will also act more proactively by performing research prior to the meeting in order to bring good ideas to the table from the start. Sisco, M. (2002). Follow these steps to conduct an effective project kickoff meeting. Retrieved February 27, 2013 from

Performance Appraisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Performance Appraisal - Essay Example The performance appraisals are used to give feedback to the employee on the performance rating and the need for improvements. This also expresses the need for trainings, promotion, demotion, retention or firing. The performance appraisal is among the critical factors of a manger or a leader to provide employee with the feedback and clarify the job expectations. An effective performance appraisal enables employees to know about themselves and understand the management values. The performance appraisals make use of evaluations as feedback in order to improve the performance of employee and reduce the turnover. It increases motivation and instills a feeling of equity among the employees. The appraisals act as a linkage between the rewards and performance. This enhances performance as employees are told about their performance and related strengths and weaknesses. This makes the employees become proud of whatever they are doing well and enables them focus their efforts on areas that require improvement. In overall, organization will benefit when the performance of the employees improves. Every organization is interested in witnessing their employees advance in the company and get other better and well paying positions. This is normally brought about by performance appraisal. For instance, when an employee is told to improve personal skills to be eligible for the following promotion may act as a driving force to that employee to enable them improve their per formance (Goswami, 2013). The performance appraisals are used by the management in making important decisions by the management. These decisions include promotions, demotions, firing and remunerations among many others. Efficient organizations must have established means through which they can make their decisions. The decisions depend on appraisal data. The appraisals can be considered as efficient tools in documenting the organizational decisions. This

Kick-off Meetings Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Kick-off Meetings - Research Paper Example The team leader must assign different work to each of the members. A schedule of weekly meetings must be prepared. The team also has to set delivery dates to ensure the project is completed on time. â€Å"In any effective meeting, participants are better off when they have a clear understanding of how it will progress† (Sisco, 2002). Last semester I was involved in a project for school. During that project we had a kickoff meeting when it started. The kickoff meeting was a complete disaster. The members of the team did not communicate well. The members were constantly arguing with each other. Two people wanted the team leadership position. After the two hour meeting we did not accomplish anything. This experience taught me that kickoff meetings should be handled differently. In the future whenever I get a chance to participate in a kickoff meeting once again I will try to do things differently. The first thing that I will focus on during a kickoff meeting is to keep the lines of communication open. I will also act more proactively by performing research prior to the meeting in order to bring good ideas to the table from the start. Sisco, M. (2002). Follow these steps to conduct an effective project kickoff meeting. Retrieved February 27, 2013 from

Emerging influences in the United States healthcare system Essay

Emerging influences in the United States healthcare system - Essay Example re organizations influence trends in service delivery since every other organization combines business strategies that help in the best performance of the institution (Bowden & Smits, 2012). This paper attempts to analyse to what extent workforce tsunami, Hospital Acquired Conditions policies and Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award system influences current trends in the United States healthcare system. It is evident that there are a lot of skills that the old workers in America have accumulated over time; but in the next ten years or so, this story may hit the economical headlines and human interest. People talk about age as just being a number, but at the same time I think this saying should only work best during birthdays because aging as far as the American workforce is generally concerned is becoming an economic threat. This factor, generally referred to as the workforce tsunami, cuts across all businesses and workplaces, including the human healthcare facilities. These facilities invest so much in the old, trusting them for their long term experience without considering the fact that a time will come when most of these old employees will pass on. This occurrence will have the risk of greatly affecting the American workplaces and facilities in the healthcare system may lack workers for an unknown period before the right experts are obtained to replace the aging and perishing g eneration. This basically will have a potential detrimental impact on the lives of Americans, especially those in their sick beds during such an unfortunate occurrence (Laing eta al., 2009). Realistically and evidenced by statistical data, it is expected that about 10,000 baby boomers will continue turning to that age of sixty five years every year until we get to 2030. A more realist observation is that about a quarter of a million of all Americans find themselves celebrating sixty five years of age on monthly basis. Looking at these figures may not indicate a great impact, but the

Pros and Cons of Obama Care Essay Example for Free

Pros and Cons of Obama Care Essay The Affordable Care Act withstood many trials on its way toward becoming reality, from epic congressional battles, to a pivotal Supreme Court ruling, to — finally — yesterdays Presidential election. Saul Loeb | AFP | Getty Images Obamas reelection means his health-care reform act has dodged its last bullet, and the age of universal mandates, penalty taxes and tax credits will almost certainly go into effect, although probably not exactly as scheduled on Jan. 1, 2014. What do you need to do to get your business ready? (Read more: Warby Parker CEO: Startups Focused on Health-Care Costs, Immigration Reform) Inc. put the question to health-care policy expert Henry J. Aaron, a senior fellow at Washington think tank Brookings Institution. Aaron offered three key ideas for entrepreneurs facing the enormous changes scheduled for health care during Obamas second term. 1. Weigh the Costs The key decision you will face is whether to sponsor a health-care plan, if you dont already have one, or to drop a policy you may have and leave employees to buy insurance on the exchanges themselves. The pros and cons of either route will depend on the size of your payroll, both in people and dollars. Do you have 50 or fewer employees? Then you arent subject to penalties for not providing an employee plan. On the flip side, helping employees pay for insurance affords tax advantages. If you have fewer than 25 full-timers on your payroll and their average pay is less than $50,000, the law affords you a tax credit of up to 35 percent for providing insurance today, rising to 50 percent in 2014. (Read more: Disaster Loans Soar as Businesses Struggle After Sandy) Theres a calculation to be done, said Aaron, if your employees are below the threshold (which tops out at 400 percent of the poverty line) for getting a federal subsidy to buy insurance on their own. In such a case, it might make sense to drop insurance and add the savings to your employees cash compensation. The question you should ask, Aaron said, is, If my employees are going to be eligible for subsidies, why should I leave that money on the table? If you have more than over 50 on staff, its a different story. If just one employee qualifies for insurance subsidies, and you dont provide insurance, that means tax penalties. 2. Check Your States Approach In theory, you should be able to buy insurance for your employees on the new health-insurance exchanges. However, states differ in how they plan to administer the exchanges. If youre running a small business, what prospects you face depend sensitively on where youre doing business, Aaron said. Some states, like Vermont, will take an active role, making sure a broad range of insurance plans will be available on the exchange. Many others leave it to the federal government to run the exchange for individuals and will leave employer-sponsored plans alone. The complexities are likely to create a mini-boom in the services of insurance brokers. Aaron suggest that you are likely to find them even more necessary than they are now in navigating the explosion in new options and rules. 3. Take Your Time Enrollment in the new health-care exchanges wont begin until October 2013 at the earliest. Legal requirements — and the accompanying fees for disobeying them — wont take effect until January 2014. Washington red tape probably could push those dates out even further into the future. Its a complicated bill, and its not drafted in a way to facilitate implementation, said Aaron. Delays could become inevitable and necessary. That might suit many business owners just fine.

Sigmund Freud: Criminals From a Sense of Guilt

Sigmund Freud: Criminals From a Sense of Guilt Sigmund Freud: Criminals From a Sense of Guilt Introduction The article I have chosen for my critical analysis is Criminals from A Sense of Guilty by Sigmund Freud (1914-1916). This critical review will look at the theory of Freuds psychoanalytic ideas of the relationship between the individual behaviours and the social world in connection with a crime. This reading is about the notion of unconscious and sense of guilty. Freud introduces a distinctive, an important feature in the social theory which is Psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis is a psychological perspective which investigates the interaction of the conscious and unconscious elements in mind. Freud offered explanations of how unconscious thoughts internalised as well as he talked about the rationality and irrationality in the human actions what is going on in their minds. This topic is quite distinctive from the rest of the previous topic we learnt so far which were theories of social life, society and sociological perspective as well as ideology. This topic focuses on irrationality and the guilty consciousness/ unconscious. Freud explains this subject as that the existence of feeling guilt conscious in the mind of the individual is present all the time. Freud tried to understand in his proficiency on the continuity of human mind in distinctive ways. It also looks at the different behaviours of individuals and how individual are prone to criminals due to their sense of guilt. Main body In the first passage, Freud states that his patients, those committed crimes were struggling from an oppressive feeling of guilt. Freud initiated on his article to talk about his regular observation of his patients in his care, and how often they provide their transgression of prohibited misdeeds they committed while in his care and afterwards. The short coming of this text is the author depends on his experience of his clients, instead of providing an empirical data. For stance, in the first paragraph, he indicated that early as before and after puberty, those in his care were committing misdeeds, but did not give exact age groups neither categories. He did not provide the number of people he treated and observed. Therefore, he did not offer a date to support the validity of piece. It is also not clear if he was given consent from his patients to share this information due to confidentiality reasons. This is because he does not discuss confidentiality and anonymity in his article. According to him, these crimes were committed by his patients while they were quite young in some cases. Offences committed at the time were theft, fraud and arson. He stressed that crime is committed due to its nature of prohibition, which he believes it gives mental relief to the individuals. Freud also believes some of this individual are suffering the burden of guilt and the oppressed feeling inside them from childhood, therefore, perfuming such misdeed is assigned to something deep (p. 332). This lacks clarification of the sense of feeling Guilt and what caused them to feel this guilt was limited in his explanation. I do not agree with Freuds claims that individuals feel a sense of guilt before they commit a crime. Whereas, I believe an individual can have sense of guilt after committing a crime because the individual know the consequences that comes with committing a crime. From the humiliation and isolation that comes along with the punishment. However, I do agree with Freuds claims that guilt is an internal feeling. Nonetheless, it is only after an incident takes place which could be subjected to fine or imprisonment. This is because these punishments make individuals worry about their actions which could then lead to a sense of guilt. In my opinion, I can feel guilty when I failed to follow the absolute law or commit crime/ sin, or any disobedience which is punishable. Therefore, I believe that the idea of guilt should relate to a violation of rights. Freuds theory talks about the development of criminal personality can be due to the way of a child had been brought up from an early age. The experience of early childhood could be one of the reasons that many children lead to developing a criminal personality when they become older. Therefore, Freud emphasised his patients had a past emotions manifested deep in their minds. I may agree to some extent. However, many children grew and develop their mental capacity and get over their past experiences, and some may affect them badly. Furthermore, in his period people may did have the sources and service that is available for many people today. The second elements of the reading on the fourth passages, obscure of a sense of guilt drived from Oedipus complex (p. 332). He claims the consequence of investigative work of human sense of guilt in general as a result is derived from the Oedipus complex and was a reaction to the two great criminal intentions of killing the father and having sexual relations with the mother (p. 332-333). This indicates how the child perceives the father as punishment figure inside him. The childs anxiety develops and his anger toward the father. Its way of showing a sense of strain within the household and the power of the father. Therefore, the pressure is already present in the house before thinking the social constraint in general. As a result of the sense of guilt is derived from here and this is the fundamental morality of humankind. Likewise, Freud had no evidence to back up his study. His claim is vague to me on how a child can have that capacity of a hate or love. Furthermore, children cannot develop sense of sexuality at this early stage particularly towards their parental mother. Freud was educating us about the psychological perspectives and its factors which drives individuals to commit crimes. However, in his observation it showed significant elements of psychological factors link with early delinquencies experiences. However, there is not enough evidence to back his claims of the factors which drive individuals to commit crimes. This is because he does not talk about the therapy treatment in which his patients had undergone. He also did not pinpoint nor highlight the prevention strategies in his article which could prevent them to commit such crimes. In conscious phantasy, because they already feel they are attacked and got hurt in their mind, and they use their mechanism defence, and what aver action is taking by these people to hurt others make them feel relieved. Therefore, this burden of guilt inside them, got them relieved by acting out this phantasy. According to Freud, the real punishment which is already inside them is agonising them before acting out. The third significant claim in the text is Pale criminality. Freud sat out the psychoanalysis interpretation of pale criminal (p.333), it is the principle of unconscious phantasy, the mental thinking and activity which is unique for those who have sense of guilt and drives to commit crime and desire for a punishment. However, they got relieved by acting out. Furthermore, he concluded his piece saying; Let us leave it to leave it to future research to decide (p.333), this undermines the value of his work and shows he had a sense that his study needed improvement and correction of his misrepresentation. Nonetheless, the author seems he did not fully achieve his intended goal as he left it for future. The samples and categories are not clear and the method used to arrive such conclusions. This shows his study is not broad. It is only in his clients which even lacks the number of people he treated. Furthermore, it is what his patients informed him its not shown if he conducted a academic research. In the absence of adequate detail, Freud lacks the depth in its explanation of this article. It is extremely difficult to assess the reliability of his studies and outcome. There is some ambiguity regarding the validity of his research, and some of the cases he observed as well as the conclusions he reached. Not only had he talked about childhood experiences and how past emotion drove people. Freud also explained human mind is so simple which lacks concrete. Conclusion To conclude that Freuds theory is known the unconscious mind, and his intention was to represent the criminal from sense of guilt. Some of the cases Freud investigates didnt specify how he carried out his research. Some of them informed about their misdeed and their sense of which driven to commit a crime, which didnt have conscious. Even though young people grew and leave some infantile sentiment behind, and some grew with the emotionals. As people grew older they develop mental capacity and throughout they learn from wrong and right. However, some people may commit crime for different reasons; due to being a hedonistic or mental disorder. Therefore, the people he treated was not clear what type of people and what condition they were suffering, was it some sort of mental disorder which either be treatable or section for public protection. My suggestion on this piece is it needs more research to be done based on the sense of guilt cause of the crime. Even though, Freuds experiments based on only some cases, however, psychoanalysis created useful elements which are useful in the criminal justice system to some extent which is prominent even though is helpful but yet not reliable hundred percent.

Essay --

Imagine you are in the beginning 17th century England, you are starting to feel as if you disagree with the Kings ideals which are very different from your own. You would like to be able to express your beliefs and also live somewhere that has prosperity and a great future for you and your family. The only problem is that your beliefs and ideals aren’t supported where you live and you feel isolated and are looking for somewhere new to be free. In today’s societies we have so many beliefs and very different ways of thinking that we differ greatly from others. We are accepted by others with the same beliefs and also have the freedom to express whichever belief we have. This wasn’t so easy to achieve. Someone somewhere had to do something, sacrifice their life, challenge the norm, in order to have the freedom to choose that we have today. In the United States of America we can; for the most part; say and do as we please. We can follow any religion or no religion as we please. If we don’t agree with our President or policies we have a voice. This foundation was laid on our Ancestors pre say that made a voyage, fought famine, died by diseases and conflicts among the natives of the land to find a land where you can be free of a Kings rule and start their own rules and ways of life. With the new World the possibilities are endless because you can start over a new life and civilization. I New England colonies of British America were located in New Hampshire, Vermont,   Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. these all later on being part of the 13 colonies  including the middle and southern colonies. The founders of these New England colonies had  different goals from the Jamestown settlers. They left England for all differe... ...t they grew rye, corn, pumpkins, squash, beans, peas, carrots and turnips instead. They  also owned sheep, pigs, chickens, and cows. This was a largely farm centered life. Although a huge improvement from a feudal society. The early 1600’s were very crucial to the new colonies. Many waves of settlers were making their way across the Atlantic risking their lives, catching various disease, leaving their family, starting a new life with their families, risking exile from the mother land. All this in order for no longer having any religious persecution or a better life per say. These settlers wanted something outside of the mother country and to explore a new world. This had to be exciting and freighting. Many risks were taken but well worth it. They were the first crusaders in a lot of the freedoms we have today. Without them we wouldn’t have the America we have today.

An invesigation of the contribrution

Over the years, there have been many definitions of insurance but the most accepted definition is that given by ALAN WILLET in 1901. He defined insurance â€Å"As the accumulation of reserves for the purpose of contingencies†. Thus it is a business activity wherein some people or parties who are subject to certain risk pay monthly or yearly premium to an insurance company to transfer the burden of such risks.Insurance also may be defined â€Å"as a contract whereby a person called the insurer or the assure agrees in consideration of money paid to him called the premium by another person called the insured or assured to indemnify the latter against losses resulting to him on the happening of certain events†¦. J. O. Rusk (1991)†. The origin of insurance initially had a connection with ships and cargoes achieving a spread of risk.This origin dates back to as early as BBC (carter, 1991) when the â€Å"Babylonians developed a system of loans on maritime ventures whereb y the loans were not repayable in the event of the loss of the venture†, to the emergence of modern insurance development which owes its credence to Great Britain, though insurance Ewing introduced into Britain by the Lombard in the 14th and 1 5th centuries (Cooker, 2002). Insurance is an intangible service paid for and received at a future date.The technicality of insurance makes it obvious for uneven incidence of risks when there are infinite numbers of identical risks. It is also a risk transfer mechanism which provides enormous benefits to the individual/organizations (both profit and non- profit), government and socio-economy at large. Every individual or organization is faced with the likelihood of a loss, injury, destruction of life or properties; hence, it is asserted that â€Å"Risk is concomitant of life† (Chipolata 2006). In other words, risk is unavoidable.Since It is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent, uncerta in loss, it is therefore because of the liability of an organization to predict the future that insurance is purchased. 1. 2 DEFINITION OF RISK The term risk is a simple notion which cut across a layman's definition to the technicalities of business practices. When someone states that there is risk in a particular situation or context, be it business or an event, the ordinary listener understands what it means on the face of it. What then is Risk?This question can easily be answered by adopting a generally accepted definition of Risk by a renowned scholar, Dry Matthias G. Healer. He defines it as the possibility that positive expectation of a goal-oriented system will not be achieved (uncertainty) and this will be due to either certain human or inhuman factors. Furthermore, risk refers to the uncertainty that surrounds future events and its outcomes. It has an expression which looks again at likelihood and impact of an event with the potential to influence the achievement of organiz ations objectives.When â€Å"risk† is said to exist, there is also the likelihood that expected results may not match those results hoped for I. E. A deviation. Benjamin Franklin in his book observed that in this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes. Yet there is some uncertainty about those two phenomena: no one can be sure when he/she will die, and tax rules and rates are frequently changed. In fact, the whole of life is surrounded by uncertainty. In some situation uncertainties are within the control of individuals or firm, others are part of the environment in which our lives operate.However, the word ‘risk used here changes. Insurance is an unsought good and the uncertainty in future events is what is being insured. Insurers' profitability in any portfolio depends largely on the frequency, the severity of its impact and its final results (uncertainty). Uncertainty is not merely a dimension of threats, hazards and risks but opportunities w hich if anticipated may result in a reward. The risk is the thing which is insured, the insured peril, the expected claims cost for any given policy, or as a general term for unwanted and uncertain future events. 1. 3 RISK MANAGEMENT AND INSURANCEOrganizations had long practiced various parts of what has come to be called risk management. Risk management is attempting to identify and manage the threats that could severely impact or bring down an organization. The management of risk is a fundamental aspect of entrepreneurial activity. Entrepreneurs manage the risk of accidental loss by weighing the costs and benefits of each alternative. In a structured risk management process, this involves: 1. Identify and analyze the loss exposure. 2. Formulate alternatives to dealing with such exposure 3. Select the apparent best techniques to treat exposure .Implement the decisions made 5. Monitor the effectiveness of the decisions implemented. Those who do not apply a structured process still m ake decisions about risk, although sometimes by default rather than design. For industrial or commercial firm, the objective of risk management may be to maximize profits, or to increase revenue, net worth or perhaps market share over some period, or to achieve a combination of several objectives, or Just to stay in business. Managing a multitude of internal and external risks is one of the most significant challenges facing organization set up today.Insurance serves a number of valuable functions that are largely distinct from other types of financial intermediaries. In order to highlight specifically the unique attributes of insurance, it is worth focusing on those services that are not provided by other financial services providers, excluding for instance the contractual savings features of whole or universal life products. The indemnification and risk pooling properties of insurance facilitate commercial transactions and the provision of credit by mitigating losses as well as th e measurement and management of non diversifier risk more generally.Typically insurance contracts involve small periodic payments in return for protection against uncertain, but potentially severe losses. Among other things, this income smoothing effect helps to avoid excessive and costly bankruptcies and facilitates lending to businesses. The scope of an economy's insurance market affects both the range of available alternatives and the quality of information to support decisions. For example, a manufacturer might produce only for the local market, forgoing more lucrative opportunities in distant markets in order to avoid the risk of losing goods in shipment.Transport insurance can mitigate this loss exposure and enable the manufacturer to expand. Similarly, to avoid the risk of total loss from drought, a commercial farmer may keep half of his seed in reserve. 1. 4 INSURANCE CONTRIBUTION TO AN ORGANIZATION Insurance through effective risk management contribute specialized expertise in the identification and measurement of risk. This expertise enables them to accept carefully specified risks at lower prices than non-specialists. They also have an incentive to collect and analyze information about loss exposures, since the more precisely they measure the cost of risk, the more they can expand.Over the years, the realization of risk management with the help of insurance has contributed enormously in achieving organizational goals severally. For instance, 0 It guarantees as far as possible, that the organization will not be prevented from pursuing its other goals as a result of losses associated with pure risks. 0 It contributes to profit by controlling the cost of risk for the organization 0 It can also reduce expenses through risk control measures (insurance) and as such increasing income.As a result, the insurance market generates price signals not only to manufacturing sector but to the entire economy, helping to allocate resources to more productive uses. In surers also have an incentive to control losses, which is a significant social benefit. Most fundamentally, the availability of insurance enables risk averse individuals, entrepreneurs and organizations to undertake higher risk, higher return activities than they would do in the absence of insurance, promoting higher productivity and growth. . 5 PROBLEM ANALYSIS All manufacturing companies are set up with a primary objective to produce goods that meet the needs of their customers and also to maximize profit. In the process of manufacturing goods the company is often exposed to varying and diverse risk(s) which affects all the factors of production. In as much as these factors are exposed, the logical conclusion is that the income of the company is threatened.Human lives are exposed to industrial injuries which sometimes end up in death, permanent or temporary disability, properties could be destroyed through fire out break or explosions, and liabilities could be incurred arising fro m the consumption of the product. When less emphasis is placed on these loss exposures, it will definitely lead to the demise of the company. This project therefore, will look at the effect of insurance in manufacturing sector and also whether manufacturing companies who place major significant on insurance are successful in their total business effort all other things being equal. . 5 PURPOSE OF STUDY As earlier mentioned, the aim of any manufacturing company is to maximize profit and ensure customer satisfaction. It is quiet obvious that in carrying out production the organization is exposed to so many risks. This study is focused on the effect of insurance in manufacturing these products, in essence, how risks that could not be voided, minimized, reduced or retained can be transferred to insurance companies while the organization focuses its attention to its real business. Our study seeks: 1. To find out how risks/ loss exposures has been managed in Banana breweries 2.To examine the effect of insurance in the development of the organization (Banana Breweries) as a case study 3. To examine risks that they have managed by way of transfer to insurance and how adequate are the various insurance covers. 4. To consider the extent to which insurance has contributed to the attainment of the corporate goals of Banana Breweries 5. To make policy recommendations on how insurance will assist to further develop Banana Breweries, GAMBLE, and The Gambia. 1. 6 RELEVANT RESEARCH QUESTIONS The research exercise is set out to answer the following questions: 1 .What is the level of insurance awareness in the manufacturing sector of The Gambia 2. Does insurance enhance corporate development 3. Has your company ever sustained any unusual, large or unique losses either insured or uninsured 4. Is insurance an effective risk transfer mechanism. Due to time and other constraints, the researchers had to narrow the scope of their duty to Banana Breweries co. Ltd and Gamble in The Gamb ia. The study shall focus on the effect of insurance in the above listed companies as well as its benefits.It will assist the company to continue appreciating the role that insurance plays in their activities, and also serve as a means of reviewing improvement measures in place which hopefully will bring about uncovered areas of loss exposures to their operations. 1. 9 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY All manufacturing companies exist to ensure that the shareholders maximize their wealth. Companies therefore undertake economic activities for profit. However, in heir pursuit of this venture all the factors of production are exposed to one risk or the other.Those study is primarily laying emphasis on the essence of insurance which will significantly aid the manufacturing concern to achieve their broad objectives, through a well coordinated and scientific measurement and assessment of the various risks that the manufacturing company is exposed to. The study will assist the company to continue app reciating the role that insurance plays in their activities, serve as a review of existing measures in place and hope to bring out uncovered areas of risks to their operation.

Advertising and Fashion Retailing Project Report

It is no longer a question of identifying your customers by age, geography or income, but looking into how and why they buy, based on their DOD, beliefs and the occasion. So far as in marketing field consumer buying is mainly based on either knowledge or perceived needs. When we had different surveys at different universities and colleges and in different gatherings related to fashion we came to know about that consumer comes across many genuine problems while purchasing different products and services(especially related to fashion products).It is important for a good marketing manager to have a sharp eye over these problems irrespective to the locality of retailing of your product. These can be classified as * Problem/Need Recognition * Information search Evaluation of different purchase options. * Purchase decision More over there are many other factors which have a great influence on buying habits of a customer. These are some common factors which ought to be in mind of those who want to enter in any pre-teen market. Next was to listen to the habits of those where we want to place our product.Near FIFO mark, we felt the smell of both the middle class and elite class. Also it is great opportunity to enter into a market where your regular customers come to buy product forebear by shops. So you need to make your market from scratch because some of the marketing home is already done by your competitors. It's a common belief that nomenclature's INFLUENCES his/her behavior the most. Obviously this culture helps them developing these opinions, attitudes and beliefs. These factors will influence their purchase behavior.However other factors like groups of friends, or people they look up to may influence their choices of purchasing a particular product or service. Marketing and advertising obviously influence consumers in trying to evoke them to purchase a particular product or service. People's social status will also impact their behavior. What is their role within society? Are they Actors? Doctors? Office worker? And mothers and fathers. The lifestyle of someone who earns 250000Rs would clearly be different from someone who earns 2500 RSI. Also celebrities have an influence on buying decision.So for the reason we have also requested SOFIA EMIR and NAOMI ANSI to come at our exhibition as a chief guest. Whether the person is extrovert (out going and spends on entertainment) or introvert (keeps to themselves and purchases via online or mail order) again has an impact on the types of purchases made. I would love to code here a theory of â€Å"ABRAHAM MASON'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS†. He suggests individuals aim to meet basic psychological needs of hunger and thirst. When this has been met they then move up to the next stage of the hierarchy. Hence, we have to reach to the level to Pakistani society and culture.So Mason's concept is useful for marketers as it can help them understand and develop consumer needs and wants. We are not unaware of t he fact as this directly point out the economic condition of PAKISTAN. We tried to not to make our products and services in access major for middle class. This is one of our marketing strategy as well as social responsibility. FASHION FORECASTING Fashion forecasting is a crucial and complex marketing strategy which requires a complete hold on marketing research. Fashion forecasting is the prediction of mood, behavior and buying habits of the consumer.ALLURE will be the future efficient indicator to forecast the direction in which fashion will move. Fashion forecasting will be our solid link to create a good market. We will look for prophetic as well as profitable styles and ideas that capture the mood of the times and signal a new fashion trend. We are well aware of the fact that if we need aloud on to fashion role s a pioneer and want to enhance its brand image, fashion has to continue to innovate. The task of fashion fore casting will be accomplished by the managers (owner of bout ique) as we are done with our complete study on fashion marketing.Forecasting of fashion is an initial step which is then understood, practiced and then applied. Forecasting the future demand for particular styles, fabrics and colors is an important aspect of the fashion industry. It's a common routine of textiles specialists that they work for two year ahead to determine general guidelines for each fashion season. This is because of when once some fashion is forecasted then it takes about 1-2 year of regular hard work to take the fashion from our mind to the practical market.Forecasting of fashion can be divided into two categories: * Short term fashion forecasting * Long term fashion forecasting For us as we are going to setup a preteen market we decided to work on short term forecasting. At a introduction stage of our boutique hireling so much labor and services for the purpose of forecasting of fashion won't be a great idea. As discussed earlier this Job will be done by us (owne rs). Later on we will subscribe to one or more arrives, whose Job will be to scan the market and report on the developments in color, textiles and style directions.Major trends in lifestyles, attitude and culture in particular music, sport, cinema and television are used to predict changing consumer demand. This process involves the following activities such as studying market conditions, noting the life style of the people, researching sales statistics, evaluating popular designer collections, surveying fashion publications, observing street fashions etc French companies based in Paris have traditionally dominated fashion forecasting. The point arises that why are we lacking behind and how are they leading us.Forecasting is more than Just attending runway shows and picking out potential trends that can be knocked off at lower prices (although that is part of it) but this is a wrong practice which is being followed by our so called fashion National designers. Instead they need to un derstand that it is a process that spans shifts in color and styles, changes in lifestyles and buying patterns. The keywords behind the successful fashion forecasting is good consumer research, color forecasting, textile development, range of shows (operating over the 16 months preceding counterbalancing Innovation, Cultural Indicators etc.Keeping a fact in the mind we have made a unique collection of . After the forecasting based on practical figures we hope that the collection we are going to present on exhibition will be a complete innovative collection among all boutiques. When we started our research on colors and upcoming styles it looked a little difficult but as soon as we got into it completely, things became clearer. Making decisions about expected favorable colors of next summer was crucial task. Different experimental shows, runways and large or small exhibitions we managed to do help us a lot in this matter.We came to know about the taste of people of segmented market a nd their positive and negative response about different outfit's colors and embellishments and all. By the grace of God most of the times people respond with great appreciation and thus we got our stray to achieve our goal. INCOME LEVEL Frequent losses are expected in the first few years of any operations due to initial investments and expenditures but once we are stabilized, this boutique will become a good source of income for us. Entry Barriers I . Large Indian and multinational companies hold around 65% of the market.

Attitudes and Behaviors Essay

So let’s start by saying that attitudes have two main components those happen to be beliefs and values. Beliefs are statements while values are judgments. When it comes to persuasion a person might have their own attitude and have it rub off so to speak onto another person or several other people. We tend to use this on a daily basis for things that we want whether that be for ourselves or from other people. When it comes to conformity many individuals will change their behaviors to fit in with other people that they involve themselves with. This could potentially mean that you could lose your own identity and become someone completely different from whom you truly are. When it comes to bias we are all wired to have judgments and prejudice many times people will use this judgment and have a set attitude on people, places and things. Only people can change their behaviors. Psychologists define attitudes as a learned tendency to view things in certain ways. This can include people. Places, issues and events that occur in a person’s life. Attitudes form from the experiences that you go through, they could direct from personal experiences or from the observation of other individuals. Attitudes can be learned in several different ways. Classical conditioning can impact your attitude to different products. Operant conditioning can also help in how attitudes are developed. When someone you like has a different attitude your attitude more than likely will change to be the same as the other individual. Researchers have come to the belief and conclusion that people behave according to their attitudes under a lot of circumstances. Cognitive dissonance is when an individual experiences, psychological stress caused by conflicts from thoughts and beliefs in a person’s everyday life whether that be from work, relationships, money problems. In order to gain back control people often change their attitudes based on actual behaviors. Attitudes can change just like people can. You can turn your thought process around just  like you can with many other things. Classical conditioning can create positive emotional reactions. Operant conditioning can be used to strengthen attitudes and behaviors that you are lacking or that are weak. People can also see how negative people act and decide that they don’t want to be that way and that can drastically change a person’s mind on how they think. Life events such as death, sickness, relationship loses and other important things can make a person realize what they have and what they need to be grateful for but also can help them understand their thought patterns were incorrect and that they need to change that in order to have a better life for not only themselves but the people that they associate themselves with. The theory of persuasion says that people can alter their personal attitudes in two ways. They can be motivated to listen and to think about what is being said to them which can make them open up to different ideas and thoughts or they could simply be influenced by good positive people that they are around on a daily basis. In order to change a individual s behavior you must change your thought process completely. http://www.examiner.com/article/bias-attitude-and-prejudice http://www.cios.org/encyclopedia/persuasion/Aintroduction_4nature.htm http://psychology.about.com/od/socialinfluence/f/conformity.htm

McDonald's Seniors Restaurant Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

McDonald's Seniors Restaurant - Assignment Example These elderly people do not have much to do, and can therefore comfortably spend half their day at her restaurant. According to the case, Quinn’s decision to accommodate her senior customers’ needs by allowing them to spend unlimited time at the restaurant does not improve the image of her McDonald’s franchise. Instead, it tarnishes it, and makes her restaurant appear like a rendezvous point for the old people in her town. The seniors spend a lot more time interacting within the facility than they do making actual purchases. They remain there for hours and fill up the chairs that would have otherwise been occupied by a consecutive number of people. If this trend continues, then Quinn’s profits may plummet. This is because the opportunity cost incurred per chair during these periods is too high to be overlooked. In addition, younger customers may also not want to be associated with a restaurant that has a predominantly elderly crowd. On the other hand, Quin n has successfully established a niche market for herself within the elderly population in her town. She is assured that she can rely on this crowd to bring in the bulk of her income. These seniors value the relationship that they have created with Quinn and her employees above the expenses that they incur whenever they eat at her restaurant (Blythe, 2005). It is almost certain that there will always be old people for Quinn to attend to. They are not as energetic and ambitious as the youth, and would therefore opt to remain where they currently reside. It is therefore necessary that she works towards retaining this loyal clientele. In this regard, Quinn should definitely encourage the senior citizens to keep coming to her restaurant. The party room area, which is able to hold as many as 150 people, should be converted into a recreational space for the seniors. These older people can play the bingo games there, and this would prevent congestion in the main dining area during the morn ing hours. It would also allow her employees to establish a similarly good rapport with the younger patrons who frequent the restaurant. Young customers are generally impatient, and thus if they feel neglected, then they would opt to have their meals elsewhere. Additional room in the dining area would also attract more people to the restaurant. However, there should never be, as Blythe (2005) puts it, â€Å"an over-emphasis of acquiring new customers, at the expense of ensuring that the firm keeps its old ones.† The seniors, who have been Quinn’s loyal customers all through, must continue to enjoy excellent services. Quinn McMahon should introduce the bingo idea during the slow morning hours of 9am to 11am. Since bingo games are popular with some senior citizens, she should ensure that the party room is available for the games. The bingo idea is very viable because it will earn her extra revenue above the normal food and drink purchases. The customers will be charged $ 2 each for the two-hour period and run the game with two of her employees who are underutilized. Quinn should also ensure that coupons are readily available as the prizes to make the games legal, and enable senior citizens to make purchases with them at her retail store. The coupons should also amount to a huge amount of the bingo receipts sold in small amount prices to

Wind Energy in India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wind Energy in India - Essay Example One reason that has seen this form of natural energy dwindle is its nonrenewable nature. In this regard, humankind cannot renew natural gases and reuse them once they consume these resources. In addition, humankind has overexploited natural gases for economic gains in order to develop important sectors of the economy. These two factors have contributed to the depletion and the diminishing nature of this natural form of energy. Consequently, these depleting resources have necessitated humankind’s search of other sources of energy that were long-term and renewable. One such source of energy is the energy tapped from the wind and the sun, also known as wind energy and solar energy respectively. In line with this, nations have realized that these two forms of energy are renewable, and their use enhances a safe environment. All nations, despite their economic empowerment, have realized the importance role of wind and solar energy in meeting their energy demands. India is one of the nations of the world that has identified the important role of wind in producing energy. As a result, the country has made substantial investments in order to ensure that it tapped energy from wind to enhance its chances of meeting its national energy needs. Hence, this expose elucidates on the aspects that have enabled the use of wind energy in India. In addition, the expose will investigate any existing benefits and detrimental effects resulting from the use of wind energy in India. Finally, it is important to investigate the potential use of wind energy in India and its effects on energy or pollution situation over the world due to the ability of other sources of energy to cause pollution and affect the energy reserves due to their continued use. India is one of the countries that have the highest population. In addition, the economy of the country has been growing at an astronomical rate. In effect, demand for energy to sustain this growth is high with the country looking for o ther sources of energy rather than relying on the conventional sources of energy (Invest India). In addition, the country realized the importance of ensuring energy security, reducing the intensity of the density of carbon resulting from the use of nonrenewable energy, and reducing the adverse effects of natural gases use in the environment. To achieve the objectives, India realized that nonrenewable source of energy, with wind energy being the principal source, was a crucial way of achieving energy security, reducing the levels of carbon resulting from the use of nonrenewable energy, and improving a clean environment from the use of wind energy, which is a clean form of energy (Sargsyan et al.). In a 2001 census by India’s Ministry of Power, only 496,365 villages out of 593,732 were supplied with electricity power, which put the per capita consumption of energy in the country at 639 kWh making it one of the lowest in the world (Sargasyan et al. 2). In effect, a big proportio n of the country’s population cannot access the national power grid. One of the reasons leading to the failure to access the national power grid regards to the cost of power with most forms of natural energy being naturally expensive. Sargasyan et al. also noted that the country’s reliance on conventional forms of energy contributed to power shortages since these conventional sources were unreliable (2). Hence, the opportunity costs arising from diversifying to other sources of energy was high, which necessitated the need to identify other sources of

On Roses Liberty, Property, Environmentalism Essay

On Roses Liberty, Property, Environmentalism - Essay Example In property regimes, parties involved may not come up with conformity is a possibility. In the first place, it is a tough activity to manage the environment. It is hard to manage it because it is vast and unlike a single property or so, it is tough to control or maintain it due to its area of coverage (Rose 1). On the other hand, the environment is largely considered under the property domain of the public. This means that everybody could significantly own any possible integral component of an environment. In the case of Scarborough shoal, the heated debate between the Philippines and China continues to create significant tension as these two countries could not actually come up with an agreement as to which the territorial responsibility on this rich-oil area should fall. Due to significant benefits that this land could provide, it would ignite significant intentions which make it hard for the two countries to actually come up with an agreement. A rich-filled oil area is considered to be an asset of a country as processed oil has become lifeblood of the modern economy. Thus, economically and politically speaking, it would be a great opportunity for either China or Philippines to take hold of the said parcel of land or territory. Another pitfall of property regimes is their being ineffective. For instance, if prevailing law concerning area of territorial responsibility between nations is effective, then China and the Philippines would not have become too narrow-minded on the issue about Scarborough shoal.

The Role Of Gender In Team Collaboration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Role Of Gender In Team Collaboration - Essay Example I learned how gendered communication and decision-making can affect the kinds of jobs and wage levels of women and men (Parcheta et al., 2013, p.244). The second proof the case study is awareness of skills needed to handle current workplace challenges. I learned that women should enhance their communication and negotiation skills that are related to their performance (Bear & Woolley, 2011, p.148). They should not be afraid of being aggressive in fighting for equal pay or promotion. The cons of doing the case study are related to examining exceptions to gender stereotypes and social generalizations. The first con of the case study is it does not consider men and women who do not fit in gender stereotypes. Some women are not timid in negotiation processes, while some men are not that aggressive in fighting for higher pay. The case study assumes that men and women, in general, have these gender-stereotyped characteristics, thereby neglecting individual differences. The second con of the case study is it has the tendency to overlook companies that may have benchmarks already when it comes to challenging gender stereotypes and in promoting gender equality in top management positions, high-paying positions, and gender wage. Some companies are making headways in undercutting gender bias and promoting equality across all workplace avenues. One of the actions that can help stop sexual harassment in the workplace is to promote refresher training on sexual harassment using office hours time. Using office/employment time is already a strong signal that the company takes sexual harassment seriously because learning about it is part of paid labor. In addition, refresher courses update employees about sexual harassment reports and their resolutions at work or in the industry, thereby showing that the company does not take harassment reports lightly.

He Company Vision and Superordinate Goals Essay

He Company Vision and Superordinate Goals - Essay Example The report seeks to establish the relationship between United States Army Training and Doctrine Command’s (TRADOC) vision and super ordinate goals. Their interaction is affected by the organization’s staff, skills, structure, strategy, style and systems. The organization undertakes initial military training and education of agile soldiers, leaders and civilians suitable for any operational environment in a prolonged time. United States Army Training and Doctrine Command TRADOC is a command organization of the United States military that is situated in Virginia. According to US Army website (2012), the organization is involved in military training, formulation and development of operational doctrines and presiding over the development of new weapon systems. Vision The organization is involved in the development and training of soldiers, leaders and civilians. It also designs, integrates and develops capabilities and doctrines through professional use of equipments and fo rmations geared towards strengthening the United States military through army force generation. The attainment of this vision requires interconnecting of the staff roles to ensure efficient leadership and achievement of super ordinate goals. The organization management is charged with the responsibility of organizing the system structures and elements to ensure efficiency. ... This will enable the development of professional leaders and efficient military personnel (US Army, 2012). Additionally, the general applies the current technology in improving equipments and revolutionizing training to ensure that the personnel adapt to the changing technology. Some of the measures applied in improving the performance of the organization are professional examination of the future trends within the organization, proper role definition and prior professional planning for implementation of the proposed strategies. Super Ordinate Goals The super ordinate goals dictate the essential purpose of the organization. Most of these goals are related to the development of the essential work force. TRADOC is involved in leadership development whereby candidates are professionally trained to efficiently cope with the changing leadership environments. Leadership training involves the analysis of the current leadership deficits in the military and closing the information gaps and in consistencies that causes the deficits. A successful future requires efficient leadership that has the capacity to adapt and ensure mutual reinforcement among the organization’s elements (Bolman and Deal, 2002). The organization undertakes initial military training and education of agile soldiers, leaders and civilians suitable for any operational environment in a prolonged period. Another goal is the creation of dominant land force through evaluating, developing and integrating talents and abilities. Finally, TRADOC formulates doctrines and concepts that are flexible and efficient enough to adapt to the evolving technologies. The doctrines provide the guidelines required for